Resistência à insulina e associação com fatores antropométricos e cardiometabólicos na primeira fase da adolescência de escolares de Cuiabá - Mato Grosso

Abstract

Insulin Resistance has positive correlations with anthropometric, clinical and cardiometabolic changes in children and adolescents, especially in those with excess weight, predictors of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Objective: The aim to this study was to determine the prevalence of Insulin Resistance and its association with sociodemographic, anthropometric and cardiometabolic variables in adolescent schoolchildren in Cuiabá-MT. Method: Observational, cross-sectional study with 236 adolescents aged 10 to 13 years, enrolled in municipal schools in Cuiabá in 2012. The dependent variable (Insulin Resistance) was diagnosed using the HOMA-IR index (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin) using two cutoff points (≥ 2.15 and ≥ 2.5). Sociodemographic, behavioral, anthropometric and cardiometabolic data were collected. Descriptive analysis included the calculation of absolute and relative frequencies for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to analyze continuous variables, and the non-parametric Mann-Withney test was used to verify associations between continuous variables and HOMA-IR. Results: There was a predominance of females (54.66%), aged 11 years, and ethnicity/color/black (82.91%). The mean of HOMA IR values in the total population of adolescents was 2.01, being higher in females (2.35 versus 1.6). The prevalence of Insulin Resistance occurred in 26.69% of adolescents (HOMA-IR ≥2.5) and in 32.20% (HOMA-IR ≥2.15), significantly associated with female, 11 years old, abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia, altered LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Conclusion: Insulin resistance levels were found to be more prevalent in females, significantly associated with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia. The results of this study recommend the implementation of public policies to encourage healthy living aimed at children and adolescents. The HOMA-IR index, an indicator of low cost and easy implementation, has proved to be a useful indicator in the diagnosis of Insulin Resistance, and can be used mainly in adolescents with obesity and dyslipidemia.