Manejo de colheita em consórcio com seis plantas forrageiras na entressafra

Abstract

The off-season is the time of year when livestock activity has a deficit in forage production. Crop-livestock integration (CLI) can increase forage availability during this period, especially with the use of consortium between forage species. Thus, we hypothesize that the use of forage consortium in the cropping areas during the off-season can improve forage accumulation (FA) in this period, and still ensure sufficient straw for the no-tillage system for the next harvest. An experiment was carried out in Sinop-MT with the aim of evaluating and explaining the effect of harvest management on the forage stock and chemical composition of the consortium between the species Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy, forage turnip, niger, crotalária ochroleuca, buckwheat and pigeonpea, during the off-season after the soybean harvest. The treatments corresponded to four harvest managements: Straw - without cutting, Light - with one cut (at 115 days after sowing), Moderate - with two cuts (1st at 80 days after sowing and the 2nd with an interval of 35 days). and Intense – with three cuts (1st at 45 days after sowing and the 2nd and 3rd with an interval of 35 days) during the off-season. Light was on average 50% higher than Intense in relation to FA. Mild was on average 140% higher than Intense in relation to neutral detergent fiber. Intense was on average 190 and 175% higher than Light in relation to crude protein and mineral matter. Straw produced 60% more in year 1 compared to year 2 for residual forage mass. A case study was also carried out in Nova Guarita-MT with the objective of evaluating the use of forage plant intercrops for forage production during the off-season. Single Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha, cv. BRS Piatã) and in different intercrops with crotalaria ochroleuca were evaluated; with buckwheat; with cowpea beans, with forage turnip and the sextuple consortium composed of piatã palisadegrass, forage turnip, buckwheat, niger, crotalaria ochroleuca, and pigeon pea. The sextuple consortium produced an average of 2110 kg DM ha-1 of forage mass. In addition, this consortium contributed to reducing the proportion of invasive plants. The use of intensive management promotes increased nutritional value while decreasing forage accumulation. The management with a grazing cycle promotes increased forage accumulation, but decreases crude protein and mineral matter. The managements with grazing cycles promote less residual forage mass, becoming insufficient for the no-tillage system, in relation to Straw. The sextuple intercropping increases the forage mass and reduces the proportion of weeds similar to Piatã palisadegrass monoculture.