Mídias sociais na vivência de mulheres gestantes : uma perspectiva à luz da teoria social cognitiva

Abstract

The use of social media has become more common every day in establishing exchange and socialization networks, as well as a channel for accessing information related to pregnancy. With the popularization of forms of access to social media, modeling through accessible information in real time has become a reality for pregnant women. However, the rapid dissemination of online content, linked to the dubious quality of part of it, as well as the difficulty in assessing the quality of information by pregnant women, can lead to negative repercussions on the health of this population, which is experiencing a peculiar moment of anatomical changes. -physiological and social. Taking as a reference the analytical conjecture of Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, we sought to answer questions related to how pregnant women apprehend information mediated by social media, the motivating factors, social models and how the use of social media can impact on self-efficacy mechanisms. General objective: To analyze the use of social media in the experience of the gestational process of women users of the Unified Health System through the Social Cognitive Theory. Methodology: An analytical study, with a qualitative approach, was implemented in a Unit that adopted the Family Health Strategy as a work process. The study included 14 pregnant women who were in the second trimester of pregnancy, who used social media and who were vaccinated with at least two doses of the vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Data collection took place through in-depth interviews. For data analysis, Bardin's thematic analysis technique was implemented. The analysis process was subsidized with the help of Atlas TI software version 8.4.5. The project was approved by the Research and Health Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Mato Grosso. Results: The results of the study indicate that pregnant women participating in the study experience the gestational process alone, since they do not have an effective support network. Linked to solitude, there are difficulties arising from unplanned pregnancy and difficulties encountered in the assistance received during prenatal care. Such facts favor the use of social media as a source of modeling the gestational experience. In this way, the modeling of the gestational experience through social media is favored by the continuity of stimuli related to the time of use of the internet, the possibility of obtaining indirect experiences related to the gestational, parturition and postpartum period. However, to influence imitative responses it is necessary that the social model has attributes valued by the female audience. The results also show that social media have the potential to reflect on self-efficacy mechanisms for pregnant women, since they act as sources of vicarious experiences and verbal persuasion, linking to the psychophysiological states of women. In addition, content shared on social media can contribute to beliefs of collective efficacy, especially in content related to reproductive rights. Final Considerations: The potential of social media in favoring exchanges between women is highlighted. Modeling via the Internet is a powerful propagator of sociocultural, political and health adaptations and changes. Understanding this reality is paramount so that health professionals can direct women to access reliable sources, especially for content related to pregnancy and childbirth.