Influência do exercício físico agudo na reatividade da pressão arterial em docentes

Abstract

The excess of activities performed by teachers, propitiate the onset of stress (SERVILHA 2012). Additionally, hyper-reactive blood pressure (BP) responses during stressful events may represent an elevated risk for the development of cardiovascular disease or even mortality (GAUCHE 2015). However, a goal-analysis demonstrated that aerobic exercise reduces pressure reactivity, ratifying the importance of this practice in attenuating BP reactivity to stress (HAMER et al.2006). The objective of the study was to verify if physical exercise (PE) influences the BP reactivity during mental stress in basic education teachers. Thirty-one volunteer docents of hers ou professors both genders, aged between 18 and 50 years, were evaluated. The inclusion criteria were: to be between 18 and 50 years old, BMI > between 18.5 and < 40 kg/m², to be a docent of Basic Education in activity for at least 2 years and to be in the classroom. Initially, a medical history was taken, followed by the IPAQ (short version), and then anthropometric measurements and body composition were evaluated. The protocol consisted of a 15 min rest for BP and heart rate variability (HRV) evaluation. The Stroop test was performed in two conditions: 1) before; 2) 30 min after the end of PE. After was performed 30 min of aerobic exercise (133 ± 8 bpm; 5.99±0.73 km-h-1) and immediately after the participant remained at rest sitting for 30 min. At the end of recovery the second Stroop test was performed. The docents showed high indicators of obesity, 48.39% overweight, 16.13% obese and 67.74% with high abdominal circumference (ACbd). As well, 35.48% were considered to have high blood pressure. However, on the level of physical activity 67.74% were considered active and 32.26% insufficiently active. A single session of acute PE reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) at the end of the recovery period compared to baseline, but not diastolic blood pressure (DBP). SBP and heart rate (HR) reactivity to mental stress correlated negatively with obesity indicators. CAbd and SBP correlated negatively with the pNN50 index. However, there were no significant correlations between METs and BP reactivity during mental stress with HRV indices. SBP was higher at 2 and 4 min compared to 0 during mental stress in both baseline and post-exercise condition. In addition, SBP was lower in the post-exercise condition at all times. DBP was higher at 2 and 4 min compared to 0 during mental stress in both baseline and post-exercise conditions. Also, DBP was lower in the post-exercise condition only at times 2 and 4 min. In summary, this study demonstrated that moderate-intensity acute aerobic exercise reduced BP reactivity to mental stress in faculty members. The highlight of this study was to explore the cardioprotective role of acute exercise on mental stress reactivity in populations with high ecological validity.