Identificação de fatores de risco associados à ocorrência e dispersão espaço temporal de Mycobacterium bovis em Mato Grosso, Brasil

Abstract

Mycobacterium bovis is a bacterium belonging to the complex Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CMT) and causer of the bovine tuberculosis (BTB), a disease that affects cattle, other domestic and wild animals, as well as man, so it is a zoonosis that causes losses in the agricultural sector and damage to public health. The control of the disease is carried out by means of the slaughter of animals with positive diagnosis to the intradermal test and sanitation of the properties of origin of these animals. Epidemiological surveillance of the disease is carried out mainly by inspecting carcasses in slaughterhouses where samples of lesions suspected of bTB are collected, sended to laboratory confirmation to start an epidemiological investigation of property-focus and sanitation. Thus some factors may contribute to increase the chance of collecting a positive macroscopic lesion for M. bovis. In this context, the present study has objectived to study the variables sex, breed, age, sanitary slaughtering and the region of origin (livestock circuit) associated to the occurrence of M. bovis in postmortem lesions of bovine carcasses in the State of Mato Grosso, as well as to present the spatiotemporal dispersion of M. bovis in the period between 2011 and 2017. Our results show that sanitary slaughter is single risk factor associated with the occurrence of M. bovis among suspect lesions (p = 0.048), indicating that in vivo diagnosis by intradermal tuberculinization is associated with confirmation of M. bovis in macroscopic lesions. We also verified that livestock circuits 02 (milk) and 04 (first care) should be targeted by specific sanitary actions, such as intensification of the in vivo diagnosis in herds, more rigor in controlling the transit of animals from these regions and health education to rural producers.