Percepção de risco e padrões de comportamento que influenciam no combate ao covid-19 na população de rua e migrantes internacionais em um município do Norte de Mato Grosso

Abstract

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, measures to combat its spread have been the main challenge for public policies and health services. In vulnerable subpopulations, this has been even more challenging due to the unhealthy conditions to which they are exposed and their invisibility in the eyes of the state. The study aims to verify behavioral patterns and adherence to protective measures, in addition to identifying factors associated with self-perceived risk of developing serious illness or complications due to COVID-19 among the homeless population and international migrants in a municipality in northern Mato Grosso. This is a descriptiveanalytical cross-sectional study. The study conducted 120 interviews, with 78 homeless people and 42 immigrants, in the municipality of Sinop - MT. The inclusion criteria for homeless people were being over 18 years old, having been in public places for more than 6 months and having Brazilian nationality. For immigrants, it was necessary to have foreign nationality, to have lived in Brazil for more than 6 months, to be fluent in Portuguese and to be over 18 years old. The survey used the "COVID-19 Social Thermometer - Social Opinion" instrument. The research was approved by CAAE: 57933622.4.1001.53935.512.199. The data was tabulated in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 spreadsheets and imported and analyzed using R software version 4.1.1. To describe and identify the factors associated with self-perceived risk of developing complications due to COVID-19, binary logistic regression was used based on the variables present in the instrument. The sociodemographic profile was predominantly: 84.2% male, 89.2% black/brown, 65% Brazilian, 50% aged 31-49. The socio-economic profile was predominantly: complete secondary education and incomplete primary education, both 27.5%. 51.7% were unemployed, 70.8% did not receive government aid, 65% lived in shelters and 98.3% used the SUS. Trust in the federal system was 86.7%, 93.3% in the state system and 91.7% in the municipal system. Most accessed information: 75.8% TV news and 43.3% Internet. Prophylaxis adopted: 80% hand hygiene, 93.3% use of masks and 75% avoid contact with people with symptoms. 50% had been diagnosed, 78.3% had been vaccinated and 58.3% reported feeling no social pressure. 56.7% trust the efficacy of the vaccines. The results of the binary logistic regression were characterized by men, who sought information from the news, who lost their income and will get vaccinated. It is believed that the evidence brought to light in this study can provide an understanding of the factors that put this population at risk of spreading COVID-19 and that interfere in controlling the pandemic, as well as providing support for public policies and health services.