Espaço-temporalidade dos focos de incêndios e a sua relação com a ação antrópica na transição dos biomas Cerrado-Amazônia

Abstract

The transition area between the Cerrado and Amazon biomes is an important area of income for global agribusiness, while at the same time stimulating significant changes in land use through deforestation and fire. The use of controlled burns has been associated with human development and the evolution of some species intrinsic to the Cerrado and Pantanal biomes. However, forest fires are related to the reduction of carbon sinks, cardiorespiratory diseases and climate change. When it comes to analyzing large areas and long time series, the use of orbital sensors becomes indispensable, as they enable systematized monitoring through the assimilation of electromagnetic waves from their targets. By processing this data using geoprocessing techniques, it is possible to quantify the effects of anthropogenic actions for better planning and decision-making. To this end, the objectives of this research were to quantify and correlate the burned area, Gross Primary Production (GPP), Land Use and Land Cover (LULC), fire foci and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM₂ִ₅), as well as to observe the possibility of temporal trends in the Cerrado-Amazon transition between 2008-2020. The Java Script language was used on the Google Earth Engine platform to obtain products from the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensor for burnt areas, GPP and LULC. Fire foci and PM₂ִ₅, data were acquired respectively from the FIRMS (Fire Information for Resourch Management) and ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) platforms. The data was processed in the QGIS 3.24.1 program and then graphs and statistics were produced in the R program. The year 2010 saw the largest área burned (226,073.79 km²), which corresponds to 11.5% of the entire Cerrado-Amazon transition area. PM₂ִ₅, remained above the safety limit( 10 μm m⁻³) established by WHO/CONAMA throughout the time series, including the pandemic period. The GPP is inversely proportionally influenced by fires (R² = 0.65 P<0.05) and reports minimum values in the third quarter. When linearly correlating burned areas with PM₂ִ₅,, a high positive correlation of (R² = 0.83 P<0.05) was found. Savannas (WSV) and grasslands (SV) represent 52.5% and 26.47% of the burnt area, but the highest PM₂ִ₅, values occur over the Amazon in forest classes. Large burnt áreas when associated with climate anomalies have influenced the decrease in GPP and are associated with higher PM₂ִ₅, emissions over the Cerrado-Amazon transition.