Análise do desempenho tático-técnico e dos complexos de jogo no voleibol feminino com a utilização de jogos reduzidos

Abstract

Studies with young volleyball players have demonstrated improvements in technical and tactical demands with the use of small-sided games (SSGs), however, studies with women's volleyball and with the manipulation of net height in SSGs are scarce. Investigating the impact of modifying the height of the net and the playing space may be options for the development of training structures that favor the progress of young volleyball players. The general objective of this dissertation was to verify the association between tactical-technical performance and game complexes in women's volleyball with the use of SSGs with manipulation of the number of athletes, court size, and net height. The sample consisted of adult female volleyball players, U18 and U16, and the dissertation was organized into two experimental articles arising from the specific objectives. The first article was developed with the objective of investigating the effects of manipulating the net height in 4 vs. 4 small-sided games on the tactical-technical performance of professional female volleyball athletes. Eight professional female athletes participated, who played 4 vs. 4 at three different net heights: 2.15 m, 2.24 m, and 2.33 m. The technical-tactical actions were analyzed through the Instrument for Assessing Tactical-Technical Performance in Volleyball (IAD-VB). The results indicated that the lower height favored complex 0 actions, while the higher net height favored setting, attacking, and defensive structure actions. Additionally, the net height was associated with the decision-making component, suggesting that this specific manipulation may affect the complexity of the decision making process in the game scenario. The second article aimed to (i) analyze the association between net height and the frequency of game complexes and (ii) analyze the association between net height and the outcome of actions within each game complex, using SSGs with manipulation of number of players and the relative size of the court in U16 and U18 women's volleyball. Twenty-four female volleyball players participated, U16 (n = 12) and U18 (n = 12). SSGs were performed with manipulation of number of players (3 vs. 3 and 4 vs. 4) and court size (3 vs. 3 with a 6 x 6.75 m court and 4 vs. 4 with a 7 x 7.70 m court) with three different net heights (2.17 m, 2.24 m, and 2.31 m). In all games, there were 48 serves total, 24 for each team. The analysis of the relationship between net height and the frequency of game complexes in the 4 vs. 4 format indicated an association between variables and between net height and the outcome of the action in the game complexes, an association between variables in K0 actions. In 3 vs. 3 format it indicated an association between variables and between net height and the outcome of the action in the game complexes, an association between variables in K0 actions. Different net heights present different associations with the game complexes in U16 and U18 women's volleyball. It is concluded, according to the results of this dissertation, that the net height exerts a significant influence on the technical-tactical performance of volleyball players, varying according to the specific action evaluated. The net height at 2.33 m proved to be particularly effective in favoring defensive transition, evidencing that adjustments in net height can be used strategically to develop and evaluate different aspects of the player's technical and tactical skills. Furthermore, the study highlights that games with fewer players on smaller courts increase the incidence of errors. This finding reinforces the importance of considering number of players and size of the court when developing training and competition strategies. These factors must be carefully managed to maximize technical and tactical development of athletes, minimizing errors and enhancing performance.