Reaproveitamento sustentável de subprodutos gastos de cervejaria na produção de cogumelos comestíveis, ração animal e bioinsumos agrícolas

Abstract

Human activities have significantly altered the Earth's geology and ecosystems, however, are for food security and socio-economic development such as livestock, agriculture, forestry and agro-industry. The production of consumer goods is mostly associated with the generation of waste in terms of proper disposal and recycling. Ecological agriculture is an alternative to reduce the use of non-renewable external inputs, such as synthetic fertilizers, pesticides and transgenics. The reuse of industrial waste reduces the production costs of organic agriculture, focused on producing healthier foods and mitigating environmental impacts such as gas emissions, deforestation, leaching, soil and groundwater contamination and eutrophication. Residual organic matter can be reused to create bioactive compounds, soil bioremediation and agricultural inputs. Mainly, the creation of a consumer good is associated with the generation of waste. The brewing industry has generated a high content of brewery by-products (SGC) in different processes, such as used beer grains, residual trüb and used yeast, which have low added value and high nutritional content with several biotechnological applications. More researches are necessary to prospect the sustainable use of decomposers organisms to consume the organic matter in order to produce eco-friendly biological products. In this present study, we analyzed the feasibility of reuse of BSB for the production of edible mushrooms, organic fertilizer and substrate/feed for insect. Thus, we analyzed the physicochemical properties of the BSB, purchased 15 commercial fungal strains, isolated, tested mycelial growth under different conditions, and prospected the cultivation of the oyster-mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in polypropylene plastic bags. In the harvest period, we quantified the development of fruiting bodies by measuring yield, biological efficiency and productivity, and other production parameters. To examine the nutrition of the insect, we counted the population and measured the mass of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) larvae fed on different substrate/feed formulations. We tested the potential of soil-mixed BSB or spent mushroom substrate (SMS) composts as plant growth promoter, using tomato as model. Different LGC cell disruption methods were used to obtain yeast extracts, whose preparations were posteriorly tested in promoting vegetable crops growth by quantification of leaf number, greenness, root and shoot length, and root and shoot mass.