Educação para saúde : do parasita à prevenção : um guia didático para aulas de ciências da natureza do ensino fundamental II

Abstract

This research aims to construct a didactic reference for use by natural science teachers in classes for elementary school II classes with the theme of health education related to verminoses, with an instrument of pedagogical approach, teaching by investigation, using the method active, rotation by seasons. Teaching, through playfulness, has been presented as an efficient tool for disseminating prophylactic measures against intestinal worms. These illnesses constitute a serious health problem and mainly affect the child population, causing cognitive learning delays, school dropout and in cases more serious hospital admissions. In this context, the present work aimed to create playful-didactic tools for teaching and preventing intestinal parasites among children and adolescents of school age. The crowding of these individuals together with the lack of basic hygiene care becomes a preponderant factor in favoring and maintaining parasite cycles. Exposed water and food, or the handling of these without proper hygiene, commonly allow contamination, compromising the individuals who consume these foods, added to this the lack of adequate information on preventive hygiene measures, generating inappropriate acts that result in predominance of such enteroparasitic infections. The planning of a didactic sequence was developed that sought to add to the difficulties encountered in the classroom and the use of didactic and pedagogical tools that would enhance the student's cognition and effect the teaching-learning process. Learning based on teaching through rotation stations has been used successfully in the educational area, in addition to being characterized as an active teaching method, in which the student is the subject of knowledge construction. The materials developed are promising resources to be used in parasitology classes, and can be adapted and replicated with other content. We opted for an attractive visual presentation with a diversity of colors and images, as well as texts with accessible language to better suit the target audience. Finally, considering that intestinal parasites are neglected diseases, cause enormous damage to public health and mainly affect children, the original resources presented will possibly help in the development of playful pedagogical skills. Therefore, they will be able to contribute to the training of knowledge multipliers in education and health, making them agents that promote public health in their schools, families and communities.