Caracterização dos padrões de intensidade das precipitações pluviais no sul da Amazônia

Abstract

Due to the scarcity of studies characterizing the intensity patterns of natural rainfall in the southern Amazon region, there is a significant knowledge gap on this topic. Most research conducted for this purpose focuses on the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil or is based on simulated rainfall, which does not accurately reflect the variability and dynamics of natural patterns. This study aims to characterize the intensity patterns of natural rainfall in the southern Amazon, encompassing the northern region of Mato Grosso State. The methodology included the analysis of historical data from five stations with pluviogram measurements (conventional stations) and ten pluviometric stations (automatic stations), provided by the Geological Survey of Brazil/National Water and Basic Sanitation Agency (CPRM/ANA) and the Water Resources Technology Research Group in the Midwest (TREHCO), respectively. An exploratory and consistency analysis was conducted, followed by the generation of individual histograms for each rainfall event. Rainfall patterns were classified into four categories: Advanced, Intermediate, Delayed, and Constant, based on the relationship between event duration and peak intensity. The results indicated that 53.52% of the events represent the Advanced pattern, followed by the Intermediate (31.74%) and Delayed (14.58%) patterns, and the constant pattern was less than 1%. A total of 6,187 events were analyzed, of which 93 could not be characterized in terms of intensity patterns. This research contributes to the efficient planning of water resources, offering support for safer agricultural practices and reduced crop losses. Furthermore, it aids in the development of infrastructure adapted to regional climatic conditions, reducing environmental vulnerability and supporting sustainable development. In the field of public health, it provides preventive measures against waterborne disease outbreaks during flood situations. Additionally, the study fosters interdisciplinary collaborations by integrating environmental science, engineering, public policy, and natural resource management, benefiting both local communities and regional ecosystems.