O olhar dos residentes de saúde diante da assistência em casos de perdas gestacionais e óbito fetal

Abstract

The daily work of health professionals presents several challenges, including dealing with death in their work environment. In this context, dealing with the family of the deceased can be considered one of the most arduous challenges, especially when waiting for a birth instead of a death. Pregnancy losses are a frequent and, in some cases, recurrent phenomenon among women around the world. However, it often becomes a veiled subject in our society in the most varied scenarios. Thus, the importance of giving visibility to pregnancy losses and fetal deaths is noted, especially in the challenges that accompany the provision of humanized health care in the face of pregnancy losses and fetal deaths, which involve as main protagonists: the woman, the partner, the family and the health team. In view of this, the present study aimed to understand the perceptions of health professionals in training in the Multiprofessional and Medical Residency in the face of professional performance in cases of pregnancy loss and fetal deaths. This is a qualitative exploratory research and, for the collection of information, semi-structured interviews were used with health professionals in training at the Medical and Multiprofessional Residency at the Júlio Müller University Hospital in Cuiabá, who work in care in case of pregnancy loss and fetal death. In relation to the analysis of information, was used the Empirical Phenomenological Method proposed by Giorgi and the Person-Centered Approach as a theoretical reference. Using the empirical phenomenological method, after the phenomenological suspension of the researcher's personal experiences during information collection, the following significant units were created based on the participants' reports: 1) Participants' feelings; 2) Participants’ perceptions regarding assistance in cases of pregnancy loss; 3) Difficulties and suggestions highlighted by participants in assistance in case of pregnancy loss; 4) Interventions carried out in the context of assistance in case of pregnancy losses in the institution; 5) Professional training to deal with losses. Given the residents' reports, it was observed that it was possible to draw parallels with the role of health professionals in assisting in cases of pregnancy loss and Rogers' facilitating attitudes of empathy, congruence and unconditional positive consideration. Furthermore, major obstacles to assistance in cases of pregnancy loss at the institution were noted: the presence of the death taboo in the work environment, the lack of coordinated multidisciplinary work in these cases, little contact in the training of professionals with the death education and lack of emotional support for professionals.