História, memórias e cultura escolar na Escola Rural Mista de São José dos Quatro Marcos - MT (1966-1970)

Abstract

This research aimed to understand the culture of the Mixed Rural School of São José dos Quatro Marcos between the years 1966 and 1970. This time frame is justified by the time in which the school was founded, in 1966, until the moment the teacher Inivaldo Mila remained at the school, 1970. It aimed to answer the following question: How was the school culture of the Escola Rural Mista de São José dos Quatro Marcos formed in the village of São José dos Quatro Marcos during the years 1966 to 1970? The research has as its theoretical methodological reference the perspective of Cultural History (Chartier, 1991) and (Certeau, 2002), School Institutions (Sanfelice, 2006) and School Culture (Juliá, 2001). To compose the texture of this work, it was used written, visual and oral sources, such as teacher contracts, school maps, payment receipt, certificate, lesson plan for the year 1969, attendance record of 1st grade students for the year 1969, periodical articles, memorial works, reports, messages from governors between 1962 and 1965, photographic records of the school building, along with some teachers and students, the founders and some rural workers who worked on the initial deforestation in the region of the four landmarks. Moreover, nine interviews with eight interviewed, carried out by the researcher, and also used seven interviews available on YouTube in two documentaries about the Rosa Paes Family and about the foundation of São José dos Quatro Marcos. The research made it possible to understand that the public authorities did not act efficiently to offer school education to all children in the state during the period of recent colonization. This practice exposed the settlers' children that were studying in places unprepared to receive them. Faced with this situation of abandonment, the Mixed Rural School of São José dos Quatro Marcos created a school culture the way it was able to, in the middle of the forest, without adequate physical structure, equipment, materials and with teachers who lacked the necessary training.