Perfil da distribuição dos casos de dengue, zika e chikungunya e determinação dos fatores de risco para óbito por dengue no estado de Mato Grosso

Abstract

Viruses transmitted by arthropods such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya have experienced extensive geographical expansion in recent years, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The symptoms of these infections range from mild to severe, with severe cases leading to hospitalization and, in some instances, death. Clinical-epidemiological studies and analyses of risk factors for mortality have been conducted globally, but more targeted research is needed to understand the potential of these arboviruses in each region of the country, including the state of Mato Grosso, for which there is limited information. The present study aimed to comprehend the spatial-temporal distribution and the clinical-epidemiological profile of cases of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, as well as determine the risk factors associated with dengue-related deaths in the state of Mato Grosso between 2018 and 2022. Descriptive analyses were conducted based on patient records obtained from the National Epidemiological Surveillance System of the state of Mato Grosso. Cases of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya were grouped in Kernel maps. Risk factors for dengue-related deaths were determined through univariate and multivariate logistic regression, using clinical-epidemiological variables. The results revealed that the highest concentration of dengue cases and deaths was in the Mid-North and North regions of the state. The Central-South region had the highest concentration of Zika and chikungunya cases. Female patients with low educational attainment and pre-existing conditions showed the highest percentage of Zika and chikungunya cases. Age above 60, pre-existing conditions, warning signs, and severe dengue were identified as risk factors for dengue-related deaths. The findings of this study contribute to directing resources for the control of these diseases and aid in the clinical management of patients, thereby preventing deaths from dengue.