Sistema integrado de lisimetria de pesagem e controle de irrigação automático IoT com banco de dados em nuvem

Abstract

Water is an essential input for world agricultural production, and based on future forecasts by the IPPC and UNESCO, due to climate change, available freshwater reserves could suffer a water deficit of around 40% by 2030. As a measure to face climate change and the future scenario of water scarcity, the sustainable agricultural management of water resources is and will be the biggest challenge for agriculture, fortunately agriculture 4.0 has brought significant contributions through technologies that can contribute to the sustainable management of water resources. Thus, the general objective of this research was, using agriculture 4.0 technologies, to develop an intelligent system integrated to the internet, for the acquisition of evapotranspiration data in an easy and fast way with automatic irrigation control oriented to the evapotranspiration measured daily. Through the development, calibration and performance evaluation of an integrated system of weighing lysimetry and IoT automatic irrigation control with a cloud database, it was possible to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in an easy and fast way, in addition to the Precise irrigation control. The weighing system showed high linearity, responding quickly and proportionally to mass variations in the lysimeter, being able to measure instantaneous mass variations with high accuracy with maximum measurement errors below 5.5%. However, it proved susceptible to interference from external environmental factors such as wind speed, current vapor pressure, global radiation, net radiation and heat flux density in the soil, which generated noise and oscillations in the measurements. However, this did not make the operation or data collection unfeasible by the lysimeter weighing system. The irrigation system also acted efficiently and precisely in replacing the mass of water lost in the lysimeter due to crop evapotranspiration. Thus, the smart IoT weighing and irrigation lysimetry system, developed in this study, has great potential for application in precision agriculture to determine evapotranspiration and control water replacement by precision irrigation systems.