As técnicas de machine learning apontam importantes correlações imunometabólicas envolvendo a composição corporal e biomarcadores celulares e acelulares em atletas de corrida do sexo masculino

Abstract

Regular exercise is crucial in modulating immunometabolism, a field that investigates the interactions between metabolism and immune function. This study applied a sportomics approach to evaluate high-level runners' metabolic and immunological responses and adaptations. A cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study was conducted with male runners, federated in Mato Grosso, using genomic and post-genomic analysis techniques. The final sample consisted of 22 athletes, whose data were collected at the Institute of Cardiology and the Chronoimmunomodulation laboratory of UFMT. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and machine learning techniques, highlighting significant patterns between physiological stress markers and variables such as body composition and physical performance. The results revealed significant changes in blood biomarkers after exercise, with increases in leukocytes (80.5%; p = 0.023; d = 2.05 [large effect]), lymphocytes (148%; p = 0.016; d = 2.26 [large effect]), and eosinophils (221%; p = 0.015; d = 2.29 [large effect]), as well as an increase in lactate (581%; p = 0.008; d = 4.62 [large effect]). Based on linear regression and its R2 values, the athletes' body mass could explain more than 90% of the behavior of serum ferritin, while BMI could explain more than 75% of the behavior of this variable. Still based on the regression model, the behavior of lactate explained 75% of the behavior of monocytes, 73% of eosinophils and 78% of lymphocytes. The findings confirm the importance of sportomics in understanding the influence of exercise on immunometabolic regulation, proposing new perspectives for personalized interventions in high-performance athletes. The results indicate the validity and reliability of the analysis methods and reinforce the need for integrated and personalized strategies to optimize training and recovery in athletes.