Estado ácido-base, função renal e perfil metabólico em ratos alimentados durante a fase de crescimento após o desmame com uma dieta a base de caseína e óleo de coco

Abstract

Coconut oil has emerged as a fat capable of promoting health benefits, however, by the high medium chain triglycerides content, is a potential producer of ketone bodies and consequently of middle metabolic acidosis. Western diets in industrialized countries contains mainly animal products, that is acid inducing and consequently produces a state of metabolic acidosis. Poor adaptation of the body to acidogenic diets seems to contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, metabolic and renal. We evaluated effects of coconut oil use associated with a potentially acidifying diet containing protein of animal origin on acid-base status, renal function and metabolism rats fed during the growing phase after weaning. It was evaluated three different groups: SO, consisting of rats fed a control diet (AIN-93G); SO+OC, consisting of rats fed a diet containing a mix soybean oil and coconut oil; and OC, consisting of the rats fed a diet containing coconut oil. The total and relative food intakes as well as cumulative water intake were higher in the CO groups compared to SO and SO+CO groups. Body weight did not differ among groups, but the epididymal white adipose tissue weight in g and g/100g of body weight was higher in the CO group than in the SO group, and did not differ to SO+CO group. The post-prandial and fasting blood glucose and ketone bodies did not differ among groups. Plasma lactate concentrations at post-prandial and fasting status were lower in the CO group than in the SO groups, and in the SO+CO group were similar to SO and SO+CO groups. The post-prandial serum glycerol concentration was higher in the CO group compared to SO group, and similar to SO+CO group. Serum glycerol concentration at fasting status did not differ among groups. Gasometry parameters did not differ in the three groups, but in the CO group anion gap was lower in than in SO group, and in the SO+CO group anion gap did not differ to SO and CO groups. Osmolar and water clearances, urinary urea were higher in the CO group than in the SO groups, but were similar to SO+CO group. The creatinine clearance, glomerular area, glomerular corpuscle area were higher in the CO and SO+CO groups than in the SO group. Fractional excretion of sodium was lower in the SO+CO group compared to SO group and did not differ between CO and SO groups. Serum total protein and globulin concentration were higher in the CO group compared to SO group; SO+CO group did not differ to CO or SO groups. Serum albumin concentration and Kitt were lower in SO+CO group than in the SO and CO groups, whereas serum ALT levels in the SO+CO and CO were similar and both were lower compared to SO group. Serum AST level was lower in the SO+CO group than in SO group, and CO group did not differ to both. Serum triglicerydes, VLDL and HDL concentrations were higher in the CO group compared to SO+CO and SO groups. Serum total cholesterol concentration was similar in SO+CO and CO groups and both were higher compared to SO group. Serum LDL level and atherogenic index were higher in the SO and CO group than in CO and SO groups. Thus, the administration of a casein-based diet containing coconut oil during weaning growth did not alter the acid base state, but impaired renal structure and function and contributed to an atherogenic profile in adulthood.