Sexualidade, gênero e saúde : um estudo qualitativo sobre a iniciação da vida afetivo-sexual de adolescentes e jovens de uma escola pública em Cuiabá, MT

Abstract

This research aims to understand the emotional and sexual experiences of 14 to 19 years teenagers and young adults, with an emphasis on sexual initiation and preventive practice STD's and pregnancy, according to gender and to identify the contributions of social networks in process of socialization of sexuality, such as family, school, church, media and health services in a Cuiabá´s public school. The theoretical framework underlying the study was the praxeological theory of Pierre Bourdieu´s habitus as having central concept; and sexuality, gender and health as categories for analysis. The methodology was qualitative, through the techniques of direct observation, field notebook and semi-structured interviews with students in this age, teachers and professionals in the health center of reference for the school. From the results, it was found to vary by gender as for the process of socialization and behaviors/ subjectivation relative to sexuality. On average, sexual initiation occurred at relatively early ages, to 13.5 years for boys and to 15.2 for girls. Regarding the initiation preventative practices, the majority reported using condoms. In some cases, with the stability of the relationship, this practice have been abandoned or replaced by other type of hormonal contraceptive methods. The speeds showed no lack of this methods, but explained that the condoms is a male prerogative. The sexual initiation for teenagers was placed in the context of a relationship durability- the right time. For teenagers, the first sexual relationship was meant as part of the learning process of their masculinity. It was observed that the prevention program led to the school and the clinic did not meet the proposed objectives. Access to preventive actions only occurred when the girls were already pregnant, while boys do not accessed health services. Fatherwood experienced by teenagers was justified by the discourse of a “burst” of condom, while motherwood would be the result of a relationship considered “stable”. The family proved to be the locus par excellence of the socialization process. The life trajectories of mothers indicated the strong influence on the reproduction of sexual-affective experiences of children, especially regarding the age of sexual initiation and motherwood. It also highlights the heterogeneity of family organization and violence suffered by a significant portion of teenagers by family members or close. Understanding the emotion and sexual experiences of these individuals is essential to think of policy interventions on vulnerability factors present in their trajectories, overcoming taboos and prejudices rooted in the Brazilian sociocultural context in all instances of socialization in order to ensure the right of sexual and reproductive health and sex education in line with their daily experiences and life projects, resulting in the full exercise of sexuality in a responsible manner.