Unidade de conservação e o ordenamento territorial : aspectos jurídicos sobre a criação e regularização fundiária para a proteção da biodiversidade no estado do Mato Grosso

Abstract

The Brazilian process of economic growth was founded on the uncontrolled extraction of natural resources. This paper aims to analyze the incentive policies and occupation of the Amazon territory in different historical periods, and the institution of especially protected areas, in order to minimize habitat fragmentation and promote the conservation of biodiversity. Understood as a special way of land use, and not as an obstacle to economic and social development, conservation units are important tools for environmental planning and management. However, when they require possession and public domain of lands included in its perimeter, they are affected by the historical problem of land regularization. Those are problems that intensify conflicts between property right and the right of an ecologically balanced environment. The study of the land situation of state and federal indirect use Conservation Units (CUs) in the territory of Mato Grosso, showed that the barriers to regularization can be found in institutional, policy, legislative and financial spheres, among others. As a solution to these problems, we propose to use the Rural Environmental Registry – (Cadastro Ambiental Rural – CAR – in Portuguese) as an instrument of information and necessary data integration for the several land regularization processes. The benefits go from the incentive for its institution up to the quickly and securely obtainment of necessary data for public agencies’ decision. By using modern information technology, is believed that, by simply consulting the CAR, the public agencies responsible for regularization of CUs can, precisely, in real time, obtain the necessary data to identify the owners and possessors of the property, the delimitation of the perimeter and can identify the activities and improvements that has being done in the rural properties in order to define the most appropriate procedure to the territorial consolidation of these specially protected areas.