Adipocinas e consumo alimentar de mulheres obesas com doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and is characterized by insulin resistance. Its pathophysiology is complex and the diet and serum adipokines seem to play an important role in its etiology. Thus, we investigated the association of this disease with the serum concentrations of some adipokines and food intake in obese women treated at the outpatient nutrition at the University Hospital Júlio Muller, Cuiabá-Mato Grosso, Brazil. Obese women (20-50 years) were evaluated by image and by anthropometric, body composition, biochemical and clinical data. Food consumption was assessed by qualitative food frequency questionnaire. The results were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies, mean ± standard error, median and minimum and maximum values. We applied the Student’s t test and Mann Whitney test for comparison between groups, Pearson correlation coeficcient for correlation analysis of variables, Chi-square and Fisher exact test for frequency analysis, setting the level of statistical significance 5% (p≤0,05). By ultrasound of the liver disease was diagnosed in 40% of 60 obese women evaluated. Type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia were more frequent in the patient group. Measurements of waist-to-hip ratio, visceral adiposity, blood glucose and fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, alanine aminotransferase and gammaglutamyltransferase were also higher in this group, but serum leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 concentrations were similar. Hypoadiponectinemia occurred in both groups, with the lowest levels in the patient group, which correlated negatively with total cholesterol, low and very low density lipoproteins and tumour necrosis factor-α, and positively with weight, subcutaneous and visceral adiposity and leptin. There was no difference in qualitative food intake and hypoadiponectinemia associated with the consumption of sucrose and fatty foods in both groups. Hypoadiponectinemia in NAFLD was associated with dietary sucrose and fatty food intake, underscoring the important role of diet in the occurrence of this disease.