Variáveis ambientais, níveis de monóxido de carbono exalado e sintomas respiratórios em idosos praticantes de exercício em ambiente externo na cidade de Cuiabá-MT

Abstract

The aging of the world population has been described as an important occurrence in this century. The physical exercise has been widely reported for this population, however, exposure to polluted environments can increase cases of morbidity and mortality from cardiopulmonary diseases. Objectives: To analyze levels of exhaled carbon monoxide, carboxyhemoglobin, cardiopulmonary variables and check the correlation with climatic variables and air pollution and to identify the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in elderly practitioners exercises outdoors. Methods: An observational study, with 187 active seniors The obtaining climatological data and environmental pollutants was from secondary sources and the questionnaire with questions regarding information in daily living habits and respiratory symptoms. Anthropometric measurements, evaluation of lung function, oxygen saturation, heart rate and exhaled gases from measures beyond the blood sample were taken. Statistical analysis was performed using Minitab and SPSS-16.0 software-SPSS-18.0 and applied Anderson-Darling. In bivariate analyses were used Student's t test, MannWhitney and Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson correlation, Chi-square and prevalence ratio when indicated. Multiple linear regression was performed seeking to estimate the influence of climate variables and pollution on exhaled levels of carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin. Statistical significance was adopted p value <0.05. Results: exhaled carbon monoxide levels and carboxyhemoglobin were related to the average temperature of the day (p = 0.046 and p = 0.047), relative humidity average air time (p = 0.038 and p = 0.046) and focuses burned average day for status (p = 0.048 and p = 0.048) respectively. Cardiovascular response was 13 related to particulate matter, temperature, relative humidity and insolation (p <0.05). There was an association between drought and respiratory symptoms (χ2 = 49.46; p = 0.01); PR = 1.703 [95% CI (1.463 to 1.981)]. It was observed higher prevalence of the Wheezing, dyspnea, sputum, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing and lower levels of oxygen saturation demonstrated higher prevalence in this dry (p <0.05). Conclusion: The elderly suffer environmental influences during practice exercises outdoors. Exhaled carbon monoxide levels showed relation to environmental variables temperature, relative humidity and fire outbreaks in the dry season with a higher prevalence of symptoms in this period. Should be given greater attention by professionals during the practice of exercises.