Psicologia e humanização do parto e nascimento : processo contínuo do crescimento de gestantes

Abstract

Childbirth and birth have undergone transformations over time, moving from the logic of family event, with sharing of knowledge and care among women, to the hospital environment. Technological development has brought benefits in women's health care, but the distancing from human relations has also increased, removing the role of women in childbirth and birth. In view of this context, it was noted the need to rethink public policies, thus the implementation of the Program of Humanization in Childbirth and Childbirth (PHPN), in 2002, became a milestone for assistance to the pregnancy cycle. This program brings as principles the promotion and provision of respectful care to women, their babies and family members in prenatal, childbirth and postpartum. In this study, Psychology was articulated to the context of The Humanization of Childbirth, acting in prenatal care, having as proposal an intervention in a Multiprofessional team. The investigation took place with pregnant women linked to the Basic Health Units (UBS), in the neighborhoods Of Dr. Fábio I and II, in Cuiabá. The form of care used by Psychology was the Psychological Shift, aiming to understand the possible transformations generated in pregnant women from the experience of preparation for childbirth, carried out during the program called "My Childbirth". The understanding of the reports was inspired by the Continuum theory of the human growth process, within the framework of the Person Centered Approach (PCA) and the way to access the narratives, were based on phenomenological understanding, bringing the experiences lived in the meetings, in addition to diving into the experiences of pregnant women. It is also possible to access the experiences of the psychologist-researcher, because it privileges the type of intersubjective relationship of person-person, in which both are considered important in the construction of experiences. The understanding of the results focused on the participation of three pregnant women who sought the Psychological Shift service during the preparation group, using the material generated by the intervention in a multiprofessional group, supporting the human development processes of the three pregnant women. The results show that psychological support in the context of preparation for delivery and the provision of services in which the position of opening professionals is privileged, through a person-to-person relationship, was significant for pregnant women. The experiences in the psychoeducational group could be elaborated with meaning and meaning, allowing each woman a dive in itself, generating autonomous choices. The changes in perception about one another impacted on the attitudes towards life and its relationships, in addition to the theme of childbirth. Changes in personality were notorious, with decision-making posture and subjective reorganization in the face of problems in different relational contexts. With changes from a state of rigidity to greater fluidity in the research participants, these are elements that bring support to how psychological care, for the preparation for childbirth, linked to actions related to the humanization of childbirth, facilitate the awakening of the autonomy of these women. Thus, we confirm the compatibility of the action with the principles of the SUS and who, being a practice that contributes to the health promotion of pregnant women and future mothers.