Concepções que orientam professores no ensino da matemática por meio da resolução de problemas no 3º ano do 1º ciclo do ensino fundamental em escolas do município de Cuiabá Mato Grosso

Abstract

This paper deals with a Master thesis held in the period between the years de2012- 2014, which aimed to investigate which conceptions guide teachers in teaching Mathematics for me ow dam problem solving in the 3rd year of the 1st cycle of basic education in public schools city of Cuiabá - MT. Realism's a brief historical and political context of the processes of structuring and organization of training courses for teachers in the early years in Brazil, we present some results of research on teacher education and the early years mathematics teaching and brought some considerations about the continued training to assist our studies and reflections authors use as Tanuri (2000), Gatti and Baker (2009), Gatti and Nunes (2008), Mello and Rego (2002), Fiorentini (2002), Curi (2005), Shulman (1992), Palm (2010). We made the resumption of some approaches to the conceptions of mathematics, conducted a brief background on the emergence of mathematics education and present the organization of mathematics teaching in the early years of elementary school, in the Brazilian context and the city of Cuiabá, from Parameters National Curriculum and the curriculum Matrix of Reference for Teaching Mathematics (CUIABÁ, 2010), which were anchored in studies Wielewski (2005), Caraça (2000), Bridge (1992), Marco (2004), Garnica and Souza (2012), Fiorentini (2012 and 1994) Miorim (1993) Kilpatrick (1992), Nagle (1974) and Fonseca (2012). We propose to present some approaches to the understanding of researchers such as Klein (2006) and Bridge (1992) on the meaning of "design" and data of some researchers as Serrazina (2014), Rabbit (2005), Tardif (2002) , Onuchic (1999), Cury (1999), Bridge (1992), Fennema and Leof (1992), Ball (1991), Thompson (1982) among others, dealing with teachers' conceptions about mathematics teaching and the resolution of problems in elementary school, in order to characterize and clarify our understanding of our object of study. We propose to characterize some meanings on the terms Troubleshooting, problem, math problems, types of problems and their application in the teaching of mathematics, using studies of Polya (1978 and 1995), Marco (2004), Dante (1988 and 1991), Klein and Pereira (2011), and Lupinacci Botin (2004), Curi (2004), Charles and Lester (1982), Kantowski (1981), Wielewski (2005), Pinto and Smith (2001), Pereira (2002), and Huerte Bravo (2006), Silveira (2001), and Pozo Echeverria (1998). By identifying these concepts in a more coherent way to understand how they have been constructed from these relationships that teachers establish with their training and the documents they use to guide their planning of ensign. Knesset context, it is appropriate to the development of this research, which had as its research methodology to qualitative basedend Bogdan and Biklen (1994), Minayo (2003), Smith (2010), and Lorenzato Fiorentini (2012), Lüdke and Andrew (1986) which was developed by proposition questionnaire, achievement semistructured interviews, analysis of documents (books and notebooks for students, contract schedules of teachers). It was possible to identify that teachers verbalize their conceptions the teaching mathematics through problem solving, focusing on a job where problem solving is conceived as a mathematical content that aids the learning of arithmetic operations. However, when used, are as exercises in fixing these operations, which does not feature the use of problem solving while teaching methodology.