Efeito da ingestão de glutamina na progressão de periodontite induzida : estudo experimental em ratos

Abstract

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the human body, is involved in several metabolic and immune pathways including strengthening of the immune system. The glutamine supplementation has been shown to be effective in modulating the inflammatory process. Periodontitis is pathological condition of infectious and inflammatory nature. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of supplementation by gavage of glutamine in the progression of periodontal disease induced in rats. Method: A total of 48 male Wistar rats, adults, with weight (SD) 349g (54g), allocated in collective cages of twelve animals. All animals received food and water with free access, and were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and every two weeks. The animals were randomized into four groups: two patient groups (periodontitis, n = 12 and test, n = 12) undergoing periodontal disease induction induced by ligature of the second molar hemi each arch; healthy and two groups: (controls n = 12 and glutamine, n = 12) undergoing only the handling without inducing disease. In GG and GE, the rats were subjected to supplemental glutamine in the form of daily gavage at doses of 1.5g / kg / day; and GC and GP groups, the animals were supplemented with distilled water. At the beginning of the experiment the animals of GP and GE underwent operation for induction of periodontal disease by ligature. On the 2nd day postoperative dietary supplementation started. The animals were sacrificed on the 30th day after surgery, blood samples were collected, the jaws and jaws were removed and Xrayed. The radiographic processing was automated. Ready radiographic images were enlarged in pictures and photographed projector. The images were analyzed in a program and measured the distance of the occlusal edge until the height of alveolar crest. After it was removed all soft tissue parts, and stained with 1% methylene blue, the pieces were photographed and the images analyzed by program where you measured the area of periodontal destruction of cemento- junction to the alveolar crest. Results: The comparison on the evolution of body weight of the animals showed no differences between the groups. (P <0.05%). In comparing the number of leukocytes, GE (6666,7- 1471.1) was lower compared to the GP (9933.4 to 2857.9), p <0.05. In the morphometric analysis, animals that used glutamine, (116.63 - 22,50mm²), had lower periodontal destruction compared with those who had the induction of periodontitis by ligation, (from 143.15 to 35.24 mm2), (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Supplementation with glutamine affects the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes (p <0.05). The radiographic and morphometric analysis glutamine interfere with the progression of periodontal disease (p <0.05).