Fatores associados à omissão do café da manhã entre adolescentes brasileiros

Abstract

The frequency of having breakfast has been identified as an important contribution to the quality of diet and health of individuals. However, several studies have shown a high prevalence of breakfast skipping in various age groups, with emphasis on adolescents. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the breakfast skipping in a representative sample of Brazilian school adolescents, in 2015. Methods: The analysis was performed with data from the National School Health Survey, edition 2015, which included 9th-grade school adolescents from public and private schools. Breakfast skipping was considered as consumption less than 5 days a week. The prevalence of breakfast skipping and their respective 95% confidence intervals, stratified by sex were estimated according to demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and body image perception. The associated factors were identified through Poisson Regression and hierarchical selection of variables for the model. A complex sample of the study was considered in the data analysis, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: The breakfast skipping observed was 35.6% (95% CI: 34.7; 36.5), with 28.3% (95% CI: 27.4; 29.3) reported by males and 42.5% (95% CI: 41.5; 43.6) for females. At least half of the girls who studied in the morning (50.0% [95% CI: 48.8; 51.2]), who regularly used alcohol (52.4% [95% CI: 50.7; 54, 2]) and smoking (55.6% [95% CI: 51.6; 59.5]), who had an irregular meal with their parents (56.5% [95% CI: 55.0; 57.9]), who considered themselves fat (54.4% [95% CI: 52.8; 56.1]) and who tried to lose weight (51.1% [95% CI: 49.6; 52.7]), skipping breakfast. In both sexes there was no positive association between the age group and the outcome. There was an association between the breakfast skipping, the highest socioeconomic level, the morning school shift, paid work, regular consumption of alcohol, sedentary behavior, living only with the mother, father or neither, irregular consumption of school meals and of meals with parents, if the adolescent considers itself too fat/fat, and tries to lose weight in both sexes. The level of maternal education and smoking were positively associated with the breakfast skipping only among boys, while the presence of a school canteen and studying in a public school was associated only with girls. Conclusion: In general, the breakfast skipping was associated with socioeconomic factors, the school environment and behaviors related to lifestyle considered harmful to health among school adolescents.