Qualidade de grãos de soja cultivados em sistemas integrados

Abstract

New agricultural production technologies have been demanded to meet the growing need for food and bioenergy, without making the resources of the environment unviable through incorrect practices that cause soil degradation, reduced water availability and possible alteration of local climatic conditions. The crop-livestockforest integration system (ICLF) can be a possibility of activity that allows production and respects the requirements of the environment, becoming a sustainable enterprise. This system consists in integrating in the same area the crop, forest and livestock components with the purpose of intensifying the use of the land and potentializing the production of grains, timber, meat and milk, and other products, in a conscious and sustainable way. This work aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of soy beans grown in production systems. For this, two treatments were evaluated: integrated crop-livestock-forest system with simple row (ICLF-S), integrated croplivestock-forest system with triple row (ICLF-T), in the design of random blocks with four repetitions. The exclusive tillage was used as a control. Besides the comparison between the treatments, the influence of the distance of the forest component rennet and the production face on the quality of the grains was evaluated among the ILPF systems. The physical quality of the grains was determined by the moisture content, one thousand grain weight, bulk density, electrical conductivity and color coordinates. The chemical quality was measured by means of the centesimal composition of the soy beans (ether extract, crude protein, ash, fiber, moisture and carbohydrate). The chemical quality was measured by means of the centesimal composition of the soy beans (ether extract, crude protein, ashes, fiber, moisture and carbohydrate). ICLF systems do not alter the physical quality of the soy beans in relation to those produced exclusively by farming. ICLF has increased the mass of a thousand grains and the apparent specific mass of soybeans. The physical quality of soybeans does not differ between ICLF systems. There is a variation in the chemical composition of the grains produced in ICLF in relation to those produced in exclusive farming. In integrated systems, the grains present higher protein content and lower ash content.