Efeitos biológicos da mistura de Cipermetrina e Benzoato de Emamectina em camundongos

Abstract

After adopting the concepts of the Green Revolution in the 1960s, Brazil became one of the largest agricultural producers and one of the largest consumers of pesticides in the world, which has led to serious environmental and public health problems. Of the pesticides, the insecticides Cypermethrin (CP) and Emamectin Benzoate (BE) call attention both for the volume used and for its toxicity. In this work, the biological effects of the administration of the mixture of CP and BE in female Swiss mice were evaluated through the investigation of biochemical parameters of oxidative stress and genotoxicity (micronucleus test). 56 animals were used, divided into 7 groups, n = 8, receiving treatments for 28 days via gavage. Control: animals treated with water; CPA (Cyclophosphamide) at the 28th day animals received intraperitoneal CPA at a dose of 75 mg / kg; CP (isolated), at a dose of 16.87 mg / kg of commercial product (b.w..) / Day; BE (isolated), at a dose of 12.5 mg / kg (p.c.) / Day; 0.5 + 0.67 (BE + CP), at doses of 0.5 mg / kg and 0.67 mg / kg (p.c.) / Day; (. B.w.) 2.5 + 3.37 (BE + CP) at doses of 2.5 mg / kg and 3.37 mg / kg / day; 12.5 + 16.87 (BE + CP), at doses of 12.5 mg / kg and 16.87 mg / kg (p.c.) / Day. On the 29th day the animals were sacrificed for blood collection and removal of liver, kidneys, heart, brain and femoral marrow. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-test or Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's post-test. The frequency of micronucleated cells was assessed using the chi-square test. A probability level of p <0.05 was considered significant. The biological effects were analyzed in the complete blood count (RBCs, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Leukocytes, Platelets, Average Corpuscular Volume (CMV); Average Corpuscular Hemoglobin (HCM) and concentration of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (CHCM)) and in plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) , alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Creatinine); for the evaluation of the biochemical parameters of oxidative stress, substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS); reduced glutathione (GSH); catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Bone marrow cells were collected from the femur for the micronucleus (MN) test. After the analysis, in the platelet count, (0.5 + 0.67) showed readings significantly higher than the Control and (0.5 + 0.67 and 2.5 + 3.37) had readings significantly higher than BE; in addition, (12.5 + 16.87) had readings significantly lower than (0.5 + 0.67). In the leukocyte count, CPA was significantly lower than control and BE, (0.5 + 0.67), (2.5 + 3.37) and (12.5 + 16.87); (0.5 + 0.67) and (2.5 + 3.37) had readings significantly higher than CP; (0.5 + 0.67) had a significantly higher reading than BE. In the plasma, no treatment showed significant variations in ALP between them; in relation to ALT, CPA showed significantly higher readings than the control; (2.5 + 3.37 and 12.5 + 16.87) showed readings statistically lower than the CPA; for Creatinine, (12.5 + 16.87) was significantly higher than CPA. In the kidneys, no significant differences were observed between treatments for catalase, GSH and TBARS. In cardiac tissues, catalase activity has not been altered; GSH at (2.5 + 3.37) showed significantly lower values for control and CPA; in TBARS, no significant differences were observed between the treated groups. In liver tissue, for SOD, CPA showed significantly higher values than the control and (12.5 + 16.87) was significantly lower than the CPA; for CAT, (12.5 + 16.87) presented readings significantly higher than (0.5 + 0.67); for GST, there were no significant differences between the treatments; the results obtained in the analysis of the GSH indicate readings of (12.5 + 16.87) and (2.5 + 3.37) significantly lower than the CPA; TBARS data show that (12.5 + 16.87) had significantly lower readings than (0.5 + 0.67) and CP. For brain tissue in relation to CAT activity, there were no significant changes between the treatments; for GSH, the CP and all treatments containing the mixtures showed significantly lower values than the control, (12.5 + 16.87) and (2.5 + 3.37) showed significantly lower values than the BE, the (12.5 + 16.87) also showed significantly readings smaller than CPA; for TBARS, CPA and CP showed values significantly higher than the control, (0.5 + 0.67) presented values significantly lower than CPA and CP; (2.5 + 3.37) and (12.5 + 16.87) presented values significantly higher than (0.5 + 0.67). In the genotoxicity assessment, the MN test showed a significant increase in MN in the groups with the mixture (BE + CP) compared to the control. Although the mixtures presented, in general, a behavior similar to that of the isolated products, the mixtures of these insecticides potentiated the genotoxic/mutagenic effects of these pesticides. This investigation suggests new studies on the mechanisms of action of these mixtures both for a better understanding of the biochemical aspects involved and for the direction of laws that involve the use and commercialization of pesticides in the Brazilian market.