Associação entre índice de massa corporal e alterações cardíacas em indivíduos da região Norte de Mato Grosso

Abstract

Overweight and obesity are metabolic conditions characterized by excessive or abnormal increase in adipose tissue that can deteriorate health, being an important risk factor for cardiac dysfunction. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between body mass index and cardiac alterations in adults from north of Mato Grosso State. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out (Ethics Committee # 08745418.7.0000.8097) with 97 patients in a convenience sample at the cardiologic clinic in the city of Sinop / MT. Patients were divided into three groups: eutrophy (BMI = 18.5 to 24.9 kg / m²; n = 23), overweight (BMI = 25.0 to 29.9 kg / m²; n = 34) and obesity (BM I≥ 30 kg / m², n = 40). The echocardiographic variables (cardiac morphology and function) were compared between the three groups (One Way ANOVA or ANOVA on ranks for independent groups). Linear correlation degree was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. The degree of independence between qualitative variables was determined using Pearson's χ2 test (chi-square) or Fisher's exact test. The confidence level was 95%. Results: The body weight excess, especially obesity, was associated with heart remodeling and diastolic dysfunction. In addition, the obese group presented higher age and systolic blood pressure. Regarding cardiac systolic function, all groups demonstrated adequate ejection fraction. Linear correlation between the body mass index and indicators of cardiac morphology was positive, however, negative for some markers of diastolic function. Conclusions: Body weight excess, especially obesity, was associated with cardiac remodeling and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Morphological and diastolic changes varied according to the body mass index, however, obese group seems to be influenced by age and systolic blood pressure.