Efeito das mudanças no uso e ocupação do solo sobre o regime de vazões na bacia hidrográfica do rio das Mortes

Abstract

The environment has several physical and climatic characteristics that establish its local hydrological regime, being characteristics such as the use and type of the soil, climatic conditions, relief, among others, which are altered by anthropogenic activity. The magnitude which these changes affect streamflows in watercourses is the main theme of the study, aimed to the analysis of the impacts caused by the removal of native forest by agriculture and livestock, as well as subsequent situations, which caused an increase in the complexity of the analysis about water resources due to several changes in the physical processes involved. The study was carried out in the Mortes River Basin (MRB), in the Mato Grosso State, and is divided into three chapters: the first one is focused on the calibration and validation of the large basin model (MGB-IPH) that emerges as a tool for the analysis of the problem raised, where in the calibration process, a series of daily climatological data from the year 2000 to 2011 was used, and for the validation from the year 2012 to 2015. Therefore, the second chapter aims to build scenarios of land use applying the methodology of soil use capacity, then, they were assessed in the MGB-IPH and compared the changes on maximum, average, and minimum streamflows (Q95). Finally, the third chapter focuses on the analysis of water availability considering the water grants in the basin, for that, methodologies like streamflows regionalization were compared and the series of streamflows estimated by MGB-IPH as base data, thus it was possible to identify stretches with the risk of not meeting demand or exceeding 70% of the maximum grantable streamflow. The information generated will help in decision making related to the planning and management of water resources at MRB.