Análise do comportamento hídrico nos diferentes usos da terra de 2010 e 2021 relacionados às formas das vertentes na Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Beleza em Juscimeira – MT

Abstract

The relationship between society and nature, regarding the use of natural resources, is built influenced by the geographical conditions of the environment and the demand of economic activities. This research analyzes the landscape in an integrated way based on the geosystemic method. The relevance of the research is to expose geological and geomorphological knowledge related to the shape of the slope, the behavior of the drainage flow associated with land use, in the time frame of the years 2010 and 2021, in the spatial cut of the BHCB - Córrego Beleza Watershed in Juscimeira – MT, highlighting areas of environmental vulnerability. These areas can accelerate or attenuate degradation depending on the type of land use activity carried out on each slope form. Geotechnologies were used to weave this landscape analysis. Geoprocessing was performed using ArcGis 10.4 and 10.3 software, with metadata from the Topodata project (MDE-SRTM) and image from the CBERS 4A satellite, which served as a basis for the elaboration of thematic maps and in loco observation. Traveling through the basin, 8 stopping points P01 to P08 were organized, four points in the plateau, four points in the depression, used in the understanding and analysis of the landscape. The classifications of the behavior of the slope forms in relation to the flow occurred in the two morphosculptural units present in the basin, the Planalto dos Guimarães and the Interplanáltica Depression of Rondonópolis. Observations carried out in the field confirm the change in the type of use, from agriculture to livestock, also noting areas with no current use (no culture, no livestock), especially in areas listed as fragile. In the Depression, comparing the years 2010 and 2021, it is observed the acceleration and removal of vegetation cover, mainly near the dam of the Small Hydroelectric Power Plant Beleza - BHCB, this acceleration can be explained by the creation and implementation of the rural settlement of the agrarian reform, Beleza , however, it was found areas in regeneration of vegetation in the settlement. The areas of greatest fragility are located on the plateau, on greater slopes, with the native vegetation converted into agricultural areas, on slopes with a concave-converging shape. It was concluded that in concave and convex slopes associated with slopes above 20%, surface runoff is more intense. While, areas that present small interfluves with convex slopes, the slope factors and converging slope plan allow the increase of surface runoff. The results allowed us to understand the edaphoclimatic conditions of the watershed of the beauty stream, in Juscimeira in Mato Grosso, in the vegetation, the area presents 64.6% of anthropization and 35.4% of remaining cerrado, the predominance of anthropic use is with agriculture and pastures, the region has hydric and geomorphological potential that favors the installation of PCH - Small Hydroelectric Power Plant, these enterprises are growing in Juscimeira.