Os recursos vegetais e o saber local na comunidade rural São Miguel em Várzea Grande, MT : uma abordagem etnobotânica

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the main socioeconomic, cultural and environmental aspects of São Miguel Community and classify the use of etnocategorias of plant resources managed by the country's various landscape units. The work was divided into two chapters, being addressed in the first, the social, economic and cultural profile in the community. The second chapter covered the landscape units in the community. We conducted semi-structured interviews the application. For each species we calculated the use value and to determine the most important plants on the purpose we calculated the Informant Consensus through the Loyalty Level. We interviewed 46 residents. Most of the respondents were born in Mato Grosso (52%). As for education, 46% had not finished elementary school. Most women are stay-at-home (44.8%). The brick house was the type of property most commonly found in the community (95.6%), all have electricity supply. As for the use of water for human consumption, 83% of respondents derive from artesian well, 10% derive from the river and 7% buy mineral water. The small-scale farming is the main activity found in the region, where most only plant for household consumption (72%). Cassava is the main crop. Most yards are located in the vicinity of residences; women are mostly responsible for local management (43%). Residents use fallen leaves to make compost. The breeding of domestic animals was found in 90% of the visited homes. In backyards were cited 207 species where the main botanical families were Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Lauraceae. The medicinal use was the most representative ethnocategory. Regarding the unitary valuation plant that represented very well the use value of local plants (Vusp = 3.00) was Solanum gilo Raddi. For relative frequency of agreement on the main uses (Pcusp) above 25%, are referred 19 cases to digestive problems (such as gastritis, heartburn, stomach ailments) and respiratory problems (such as flu, bronchitis, pneumonia, cough) - 61, 5% each. Specific dosages for home remedies were not mentioned. The prevailing method of preparation was the tea, obtained by decoction (45%). The part of the sheet plant was used (55.7%). In the gallery forests found 68 plant species. Most species (48%) cited presents woody. Among the species that represent very good value in use of local plants (Vusp> 1.50) are Myracroduon urundeuva Allemão and Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Reis. Among the products that were removed there is the timber (50%) and seeds for seedlings (17%). The development of actions in the economic and social areas, such as the implementation of health centers, including high school in daytime, monitoring pregnant women during prenatal care, is essential xvi for continued community. The landscape units offer diversified means of survival of families, so are spaces that deserve to be studied.