Distribuição espacial e temporal da mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito em Cuiabá-MT entre 2000 e 2011

Abstract

Traffic accidents have an increasing number of deaths, and are currently the largest cause of death among young men in Brazil. This scenario is not very different in Cuiaba-MT, where the poorest population suffers from the poor quality of public transportation, as well as the long distances between their residence and the workplace or even the leisure places in the city. These questions led us to think about the urban configuration of Cuiaba, its growth and expansion, and the way in which society is organized in this space. Aiming to understand who are the victims of traffic accidents in Cuiaba-MT, and what factors could be relevant or not in determining a pattern of deaths due to traffic accidents, this study was carried out, in which a descriptive and ecological of mortality from traffic accidents between 2000 and 2011, considering an analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution in Cuiaba neighborhoods. Information related to mortality was obtained from the Mortality Information System - MIS, made available by the Municipal Health Department of Cuiaba. Information on population and economic variables were organized based on demographic census data for 2000 and 2010, available on the IBGE website. The main objective of this study was to identify who are the victims of traffic accidents in Cuiaba, relating the number of deaths with the spatial distribution of the neighborhoods of residence of the victims. In order to analyze if the socioeconomic conditions of the victims' dwelling places influence the mortality rates due to traffic accidents, the districts were classified into five homogeneous groups, in which the number of traffic accidents, demographic density and spatial location of such groups. The analysis of the epidemiological profile of victims of traffic accidents in Cuiaba showed that the majority are men aged between 15 and 59 years old, single, black and dun with up to seven years of schooling, mainly those living in neighborhoods classified as low socioeconomic class. There has been a significant increase in the number of fatalities due to motorcycle accident, but the highest number of fatalities is related to car accidents. Despite the existence of a social pattern of victims, traffic accidents generally reach the entire population, and without public policies that seek to improve the quality of public transport so that the whole population has decent conditions to use, improvement of the traffic lanes with signaling and better use of the space, besides the electronic devices of contention of the speed, this problem will not be solved. In view of this, it is concluded that it is necessary to implement programs to increase the awareness of the population, not only those who already drive, but also the younger ones, because even with measures such as Law 11.705 / 2008, inspections and other initiatives, Planning routes, quality public transportation, traffic education and popular consciousness.