Perfil metabólico de ratos adultos submetidos à restrição proteica na vida intrauterina e à dieta hiperlipídica durante a lactação e após o desmame

Abstract

Introduction: The malnutrition in the early stages of fetal development may permanently influence the growth and development, with subsequent metabolic consequences, as diseases characteristics of metabolic syndrome, particularly when the offspring is exposed to high-fat diet in lactation and weaning. Objective: Was rated the impact of intrauterine protein restriction associated with highfat diet during lactation and after weaning on the metabolic profile of rats in adult life. Methods: After birth, male rats from dams fed with control diets (17% protein) were divided in: CC, maintained with control diet; CH, treated with high-fat diet; and rats from dams fed with low protein diets (6% protein), were divided in: LC, maintained with control diet; LH, treated with high-fat diet and LL, maintained with low protein diet until 120d old. Results: A high fat diet induced an increase in body high gain, the body mass index, in total energy intake, lipids and reduction in the absolute food intake and relative when compared to control animals (CC e LC), independent of prior nutritional status. The weight of epididymal white adipose was higher in animals treated with high fat diet in relation to control animals; however, this effect was twice as high in those who suffered intrauterine malnutrition compared with the offspring of control mothers. In relation to the weight of IBAT (interscapular brown adipose tissue) and RWAT (retroperitoneal white adipose tissue), the high fat diet induced an increase twice in the offspring if control mothers compared to offspring of malnourished mothers. Similar results were found in the content of lipids in the RWAT and EWAT (epididymal white adipose tissue). The CH and LH groups compared to CC and LC groups, showed, regardless of maternal nutritional status, increase in these parameters: fasting glucose, basal insulin, HOMA-IR and serum leptin, however triglyceride levels was reduced. The LH group showed lower tolerance insulin test (Kitt) in relation to LC and LL groups. Conclusions: Therefore, regardless of maternal nutritional status, the high fat diet during lactation and after weaning, increased body mass, visceral fat, alter the expression of genes modulators of lipolysis and lipogenesis in IBAT, RWAT and EWAT, resulted in hiperleptinemia, hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance.