De louca a incompetente : construções discursivas em relação à ex-presidenta Dilma Rousseff

Abstract

Gender and power issues permeate life in society in a variety of ways, interspersed with relationships between subjects. This fact makes social relations become a field of struggle and conflict. Apparently camouflaged, these issues take on materiality in discourse, often in the form of statements, opinions, as well as in jokes, derision, mockery and jokes, which circulate in the media, internet and daily conversations, reproducing stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination about certain subjects and social groups. Indeed, discussions about gender and power cannot be ignored as they constitute a fundamental aspect of life in society. This doctoral research, therefore, aims to analyze the discourses that permeate the society with respect to the feminine, with the objectives of a) investigating some of the discourses that circulated in the social network Facebook, at the time of impeachment, in relation to President Dilma Rousseff; and b) establishing a relationship between these discourses and the discourses that circulate in society in relation to women. The questions that guided this research were: 1) How is the image of former president Dilma Rousseff built discoursively on the social network Facebook ?; and, 2) How do the analyzed comments update a discoursive memory, coming from other discourses, about women in society? I sought to carry out the analysis taking as a starting point the production of genders in their political, historical and social perspective. Thus, the construction of gendered subjects, their classification according to their sexuality and the way in which they experience their body and gender, and the social place (with socially established practices and behaviors) are understood as structural phenomena of social practice. To undertake this qualitative-interpretive research (DENZIN, LINCOLN, 2006), I adopted as theoretical support, mainly, the notions about the discoursive construction of gender (BUTLER, 2008; SCOTT, 1995), the discussion of the power exerted by the discourse in the production of subjects and social reality (FOUCAULT, 2008; 2007; 2003) and the reflections around a structure of male hegemony (CONNEL, MESSERSCHMIDT, 2005), in order to understand the probable implications of this structure for the maintenance of a subordinate position for women, which make their participation in the spheres of power unfeasible or reduced (MIGUEL; BIROLI, 2014). The results indicate that the comments analyzed, posted on the MBL group's Facebook page involving former President Dilma Rousseff, show the reiteration of a sexist discourse, which implies that female subjects who present behaviors and gender experiences that escape from what is socially determined, are discriminated against, stereotyped, marked as abnormal and inappropriate.