Possibilidade histórica de (re)criação camponesa : o processo de especialização da pecuária leiteira no Assentamento Tietê – Poxoréu /MT

Abstract

The issue of land in Brazil is essential to understand the class of Brazilian peasants, the reason for their struggle for democratization of access to land and, finally, the rural settlements. Since colonial times, the legal provisions that regulated the access to land favored the political and economic elite. So, most the peasants not became landowners and, so were mandatorily subjected to work in the landlordism. It is in the 1990s that social movements of fight for land, in this period with stronger political character and that began to be built a few decades earlier, forced, through their struggle, an important land democratization in Brazil. The Tietê settlement, located in the municipality of Poxoréu - MT, analyzed in this work, is one of thousands of settlements created in the country after the land reform be recognized in the Federal Constitution of 1988 as a citizen's right and a duty of the State. But it is also in the 1990s that countries in crisis and with high external debt, as was the brasilian case, were submitted the impositions of the International Monetary Fund - IMF and adhered to the neoliberal policies peacefully as a pre-condition for accession to loans. There was, then, the (de)regulated of many economic sectors, and, with agriculture was no different. The agroindustrial chain of milk, for example, went through a process of (de)regulated, no longer regulated by the state. And In this scenario of neoliberal perspective the Capital has appropriated of monopolistic form of this productive chain. With this, the multinationals of the sector they started a forced process of cooling milk, from the property until processing plant (granelização). These agents also lobbied the state a create a range of patterns and forms to produce required to producers. But, in reality, these exigencies are industrial demands; measures whose purpose is reduce costs of production and increase productivity aiming the exportations. The producers group of Brazilian dairy chain is compost majoritary for peasants. And, because of this new economic scenary, some Capital agents monopolized most industrialization sectors and, subsequently, retail. This process not is thought for the peasant, from your economic logic, remain in your property from the milk production of cow. this scenary is thought for capitalists creation. But, the most peasants remain, with low or right level of expertise. Although there is the possibility of the peasant recreate amid adversity that compromise the permanency in land and through a contradictory logic to Capital, ie, (re)created specialized and efficient peasant units in the production of cow's milk and possibiliting the peasant reproduction of family work, this is not an excuse to not pointing the predatory actions of the Capital agents.