Velhice, temporalidade, lugares : os sentidos presentes no envelhecer em Cuiabá

Abstract

When questioned about senescence is possible to access that there is a belief that this developing process is connected whith loss and fragility. Is rare to quantify in this process how this moment can be lived and constructed with quality in different areas of development: cognitive, social, affective. The value brought by the researchers produced in Psychology refers to the knowledge of the reality of the elderly in their many courses, searching for interventions that welcome the multidimensional and relational context in wich he is inserted, thinking possibilities that ensure quality of life, less suffering and more assistance to the senile subject. Within the Bioecological Model of Development, proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, since the seventieth decade of the XX century, the possibility of inquiring senescence arises, indisputably, presentes changes in the adaptation of the individual in its environment, since aging is a biopsychosocial process and this process is part of the vital cycle and personal development. Within this model there is an emphasis on the biopsychological characteristics of the person and its particular means of interaction throughout time, engendering the denominated “proximal procedures” as primary mechanisms the produce human development. Bronfenbrenner (2005) considers the development as an interaction between four dimensions denominated “PPCT Model” – Process, Person, Context and Time. Studying senescence enables the investigation of specific dimensions of the aging process and the Elder person. Locating this group in time, space, and specially, on social and affective contexts in essencial, because aging may be predictable in biological terms, but is experienced privately by every individual. This research objectives are: (a) Characterize the meaning of senescence and the experience of aging to elderly of various social spheres from Cuiabá; (b) Identify the most important aspects of the elderly life through their reports, delimiting possibilities of experiences of proximal processes and (c) Comprehend how to perceive the passage of time in different esferes: infancy, adolescence, adulthood and senescence, both in their lives, as in the present, analysed beneath the Bioecological Development Model perspective. It is composed as a descriptive-exploratory study, in wich six elderly participated. The collection, carried out with the application of a semi-structured interview script and presentation of images chosen according to the chosen reports, requested information on the participants childhood, adolescence, adult life and old age and their perception of these processes in the current times. In the second moment, there was a return from the researcher with each participant, and then they were looked at from the participants' reports (through photographs and images that could represent the dimensions brought up during the interview). The themes were identified: life in the fields, marriage, family and work. A qualitative-interpretative analysis points to the valorization of the current moment of life, independence and the use of time with leisure activities, arts and sports. Nowadays, there is a criticism of the excessive use of cell phones and the isolation of family members. The meaning of the experiences attributed to old age related to the context and singular life experience was understood.