Análise dos elementos motivadores da falência econômica nas indústrias de transformação em Mato Grosso

Abstract

The expressive potential of processing of the Mato Grosso State come from the dynamism of the agricultural sector. However, the industrial sector represented 17% of the GDP in 2014. The data presented by the trade board of the Mato Grosso (JUCEMAT) reveal that, between 2006 and 2016, over than 15.000 processing industries ended activity in the state. The number of industries in this situation shows a growing trend, reaching its apex in 2015, with 3.515 closures and an approximate increase of 57% in 10 years. The companies that ended activity can be classified into three distinct categories: extinct (ended activity informed by the owners); canceled (over than 10 years without registries in the trade board); and bankrupt (bankruptcy). Several are the reasons that can put at risk the organization continuity in the market so that knowing them become essential for the industrial development. Therefore, this study has the aim of analyze the bankruptcy process, identify the profile of the industries that ended activity - classifying them by status, economic activity, sized and localization - and evaluate the causes of the process, in order to suggest solutions. The analysis of the motivating elements of the bankruptcy is essential for the understanding of the difficulties faced by the industries, for the formulation of adequate public policies and for the industry planning. To obtain the primary data, questionnaires were applied to 106 small sized- and micro-industries. From these, 77 of ended activity and 29 never performed. The SWOT analysis was applied to evaluate the microeconomic variables, strengths and weaknesses, macroeconomic environment, and threats and opportunities. It was possible to identify, through documental analysis, that higher number of ended industries are concentrated in the wood (21%) and food (17%) sectors. The microenterprises are the most affected and represent 72% of the closures. The South region of the state is the most representative, with 34% of the closures. It was also possible to observe that 10.400 were of cancelled companies, representing 66,5%, and 5.236 of extinct (33,5%) and only 10 of bankrupt. The goods quality and the financial control were among the main positive aspects reported by the industries, whereas the financial limitations, difficulty in credit access, business management, and planning, high competition and bureaucracy were the main deficiency.