Análise integrada da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Verde : a dualidade na relação sociedade natureza entre os indígenas Paresi e os fazendeiros do entorno sobre a paisagem

Abstract

The study presents an integrated analysis of the landscape in the Rio Verde, the Paresi indigenous territory in Tangará da Serra. Mato Grosso. Guided by the geosystemic method added to the critical bias of geography. It involved studies on differentiated conceptions in the society-nature relationship between the ParesiHaliti and the surrounding farmers. It is marked by the resistance of the Indians in front of the process of homogenization of the landscape in the vicinity, intrinsically linked to the history of contact between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples. Intensified from the 1960s, with the advance of the agricultural frontier in the state towards the Amazon region, changing the limits and overcoming of traditional territories with government endorsement. Studies carried out by several researchers reveal accumulated socioenvironmental losses along this approximation process. Environmental degradation was found together with great loss of territory and its transformation into farms. An opening of highways, an example of the BR-364 with a key role, along with government policies and programs of agricultural incentive, Employment and occupation by immigrants in the plateau of the Parecis. The indigenous territory was surrounded by agribusiness land property, providing over time profound socioeconomic changes to the group. In this way a research tried to demonstrate through cartographic results of the use and occupation of the soil in the last thirty years as transformations in the landscape. In that it revealed a very altered landscape without environment of the indigenous land, marked by geometries of the plantations of grain commodities. While in the indigenous area, the natural vegetation was maintained practically preserved Through the thematic maps, and survey of the permanent preservation areas, it sought to reveal the physical structures and dynamics of the geosystem, the basis for an environmental planning of the river basin. The interviews with farmers and indigenous people reinforced the verification of the differences in the society-nature relationship by both societies. They demonstrated that indigenous people use subjective parameters for the use of their lands, a spiritual connection that involves the consciousness of the elements of nature by the Amerindian perspectivism, involving a complex cosmological ethical code, experienced with resguardos, thanks, respect for spirits and conscience from nature. And on the other side there is Western ethnocentrism, aligned with the motivations of the production of space for the production of merchandise, oblivious to the needs of nature, using the agrarian spaces while remaining distant. The landscape is at the same time aimed at exchanging the commodity and lived in the midst of the abstraction of things, following the rhythm of the globalized capital of commodities. They are therefore ontological and epistemological contradictions that affect more directly who lives and needs the totality of the landscape.