Condições microclimáticas de espaços abertos : simulação de estratégias por meio do software ENVI-met

Abstract

Urban climate studies have shown that, in temperate as tropical areas, local climate change is associated with the effect of energy conversion the urban area, influenced by it morphology, thermal properties of materials surfaces constructed and by anthropogenic heat production. These modifications result in phenomena such as the urban heat island, which is characterized by a higher air temperature in urban environment, compared to less urbanized neighboring regions. The overall objective of this research is to evaluate urban heat islands mitigation strategies from case study of the Federal University of Mato Grosso campus, located in Cuiabá-MT. The effects of the strategies cool roof, green roof, fresh pavement and vegetated areas increment variables air temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) were evaluated. The method used consisted in simulations using ENVI-met software. Therefore, it was necessary to collect micrometeorological data to perform model validation and to design five scenarios: the reference scenario, as found in reality and 4 more scenarios, contemplating the strategies studied. The evaluation of the effect of these scenarios was made by difference value of the variable found in the reference scenario and the scenario with the strategy implemented. All strategies evaluated showed effects on air temperature (reduction) and humidity (increase) during the two seasons considered. The highest effect in reducing the average air temperature during the day, for two study periods was recorded by strategy 3 - cool pavement with 1.20 °C in the wet period (13h) and 1.96 °C (12h) during the dry period. The same result was found for the variable relative humidity, which also had the highest effect seen in strategy 3, with increase from 9.76% for the wet period and 9.34% during the dry period. It is hoped that with the findings of this research, the study of environmental comfort for the state of Mato Grosso and the Midwest region is enriched, noting the role of urban heat island mitigation strategies as soften agents to the high temperature climates of the mid-sized cities, such as Cuiabá.