Análise comparativa dos estudos de impacto ambiental de quatro hidrelétricas no rio Teles Pires

Abstract

The Amazon hydrographic region has a very high hydroelectric potential and of economic importance for the country, but whose negative environmental impacts have been the subject of studies and controversies in the country and in the world. In the Teles Pires river, which together with the Juruena forms one of the main tributaries of the right bank of the Amazon River, the Tapajós, are concentrated four hydroelectric projects, being Sinop Dams, with capacity of about 400MW, in the construction phase, Colíder Dams with 300MW, in phase of filling the reservoir (construction end), São Manuel Dams with 750 MW, also under construction, and Teles Pires Dams, in operation since the end of 2014, with a generation capacity of 1820 MW. The Environmental Impact Studies (EIAs) of these enterprises, as part of the management of water resources, should adopt the river basin as a unit, in accordance with the National Water Resources Policy and the respective Terms of Reference, always in an integrated manner and considering the multiple uses of water. In this sense, the present work aims to make an integrated analysis of these four EIAs already approved in the river Teles Pires. The focus and criteria of the analysis of these four EIAs were: to compare their cost-benefits; identify overlaps of areas of direct and indirect influence; to verify the citation and the type of citation made in each EIA in relation to the others and to evaluate if all considered as a unit of management the river basin, as established by the legislation. For the analysis of these documents, we used the Check List method and comparisons and relationship between quantities to classify the costbenefit of each enterprise. In the evaluation of cost-benefit ratio between flooded area, residence time, amount of concrete used and difference, the Teles Pires Dams, followed by São Manoel Dams, presented the best relation, and the worst cost-benefit was found in Sinop Dams of the Colíder Dams. The Teles Pires Dams was the most cited in the EIA of the São Manoel Dams and vice versa, the others had few quotations from each in their EIAs.