Tendência temporal da obesidade na população adulta residente em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso : 2006 a 2015

Abstract

The demographic transition was followed by the epidemiological transition, marked by the rise of chronic noncommunicable diseases. There is strong evidence linking social determinants such as education, occupation, income, gender, and ethnicity to their high prevalence and risk factors. Obesity is one of the factors responsible for the increase in morbidity and mortality due to chronic non-communicable diseases, and it is a global challenge to control its progression. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of obesity in the city of Cuiabá in adults (≥18 years) in the 2006-2015 period and to verify the trend over the years, as well as its association with sociodemographic, lifestyle and health variables. Data from the Surveillance System of Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Inquiry (VIGITEL) were used. A population-based epidemiological study that used telephone survey data from 2006 to 2015 in the city of Cuiabá / MT. The sample consisted of about 2000 people for each year of the survey. The prevalence of obesity was estimated, as well as their respective confidence intervals (95%). To verify the association between obesity and sociodemographic factors, the chi-square test (Rao-Scott) was used, and associations with p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. For trend analysis, the simple linear regression model was applied. Stata v13 was used to perform the data analysis, considering the aspects of the complex sampling design of the research ("svy" commands). The analyzed database had 19,024 respondents living in Cuiabá aged ≥18 years, obtained from the junction of each of the databanks considered in the analysis (2006 to 2015). The overall mean age was 39.4 years (95% CI: 39.2, 39.7) and 51.4% (11.490) were women, the majority (38.0%) had between 0 and 8 years of study, 47.2% practiced physical activity, 12.3% were smokers, 19.8% consumed alcohol abusively, 46.2% regularly consumed fruits, 24.2% had hypertension and 6.3% diabetes mellitus. It was verified that only the variables sex, age and alcohol abuse were not significantly associated with the period (p> 0.05). The prevalence of obesity in 2006 was 13.5% (95% CI: 11.1-15.3), reaching 22.5% (95% CI 19.8-25.5) in 2013, and in 2015 it was 17.3% (95% CI: 14.6-20.3), this increase in prevalence was statistically significant (p <0.001), with an average increase of 0.84 percentage points per year. There was a significant increase for both genders in all schooling, hypertensive and diabetic groups. It is necessary to create successful public policies aimed at healthy food education, practice of physical activities, and broadening the population's access to basic health services at local and national levels.