Estudo das propriedades eletromagnéticas em um motor elétrico simples

Abstract

The primary goal of this work is to show that an experimental set up made of materials found in everyday life or in our natural environment could become a very constructive and interesting tool to understanding the basic concepts of physics. Therefore, stimulating the construction and development of novel experimental apparatus to teach fundamental physics at high school level. Moreover, our proposal and its results aim to clarify and contextualize the concepts behind electric current, magnetic field, magnetic force and torque, by making use and understanding the most relevant principles behind the operation of a simplified electric motor in the classroom environment. Importantly, our study and proposal is expected to provide support to high school teachers with new tools and methodologies that allow them to build up the correct environment for the student to have a critical and constructive way of learning. This will be achieved through a direct interaction between theoretical physical concepts and experimental apparatus. Such a direct exchange between meaning and learning by doing within an active process of teaching and learning is expected to open a new direction in the education processes currently used in most of secondary schools. Our aim is that the students would be able to directly relate the different physical phenomena studied in the classroom with events that are part of their daily experience and life. The theoretical foundations used in the development of this work were the theory of significant learning introduced by David Ausubel, the education theory proposed by D. Novak and the theory of critical learning developed in more recent years by Marco Antonio Moreira. The implementation of our proposal was carried out in four classes composed of different groups of 3rd year students during November and December of 2015 in the State School Governor Julius Strubing Muller, located in Várzea Grande-MT. In order to highlight and advertise our proposal and results to other teachers and students in general, we have build up a website, called "physical room," which shows all the details related to our project, including the material used and its direct implementation at the State School Governor Julius Strubing Muller.