Síndrome metabólica em escolares de 6 a 9 anos do município de Cuiabá - Mato Grosso

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors associated with increased risk of multiple chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease, with great economic impact on the health system, society and families. These changes start in childhood and may persist into adulthood. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in children aged 6 to 9 enrolled in municipal schools in Cuiabá. Method: cross-sectional observational study with 591 children aged 6 to 9 enrolled in the municipal schools of Cuiabá in 2012. Secondary data were obtained through the following means: i) questionnaire answered by parents and/or guardians; ii) physical examination of students; iii) biological variables. The dependent variable was the metabolic syndrome diagnosed by the International Diabetes Federation criteria, > p90 being used as a criterion for assessing waist circumference. A second statistical model replaced the fasting glycemia elevated by increased insulin resistance, as assessed by the HOMA-IR >2.015 index. The independent variables were represented by sociodemographic, biological and health factors. Results: The study population consisted predominantly of 6-year-old brown children with exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age, whose parents had secondary schooling, with no difference between the sexes. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 1.86% according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria, which was significantly associated with a family history of obesity, exclusive breastfeeding up to six months of age, and the level of schooling of the legal guardian. The inclusion of the HOMA-IR index (>2.15), replacing glycemia, almost doubled the prevalence of the syndrome (3.38%). Exclusive breastfeeding up to six months of age constituted a protection factor. The most frequent metabolic alterations in descending order were: low HDL-c (16.18%), hypertriglyceridemia (13.29%), increased waist circumference (10.05%), HOMA-IR index >2.15 (9.37%), blood pressure >95% (3.92%) and hyperglycemia (1.02%). No eutrophic child had metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: There was a low prevalence of metabolic syndrome under the International Diabetes Federation criteria. However, the inclusion of the HOMA-IR index >2.15 increased the prevalence to 3.38%, proving to be a more sensitive indicator for the diagnosis of the syndrome, suggesting its inclusion among the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation.