Insegurança alimentar e nutricional e qualidade da dieta dos brasileiros

Abstract

Food and Nutritional Security - SAN, which has been discussed since the 1st World War, is a broad topic that involves issues of food supply and demand. Parallel to food insecurity is the nutritional quality of the food consumed. The quality of the diet is affected by food insecurity, which can lead to malnutrition, overweight and obesity and, precisely for this reason, ensuring access to a healthy diet is crucial to reverse this current scenario. This work is composed of a manuscript, which aimed to verify the association between the perception of (In) food security and the quality of the diet of the Brazilian population. This cross-sectional study used data from the Household Budget Survey (2017/18 HBS) collected from the total sample of 59,920 households and a subsample of Brazilians aged 10 or more used in the National Food Survey-INA with 46,152 individuals. The data used came from the block of general characteristics of the household and residents, block of living conditions, using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale - EBIA, and from personal food consumption, and personal food consumption, which included the application of two 24-hour reminders, used to calculate the Diet Quality Index – BHEI-R. The measure of effect used was the odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval. 59,920 households were analyzed, the majority of whom had a male individual as head of the family (85,92%), of race / color white (77,46%), education of up to 8 years (52,00%) and family income of up to a minimum wage (39,99%). There was a positive association between not having access to water and gas to prepare meals with moderate and severe food insecurity, education, with mild (p=0.04) and severe (p=<0.001) food insecurity and, race/color with moderate food insecurity (p=0.01). It was possible to observe the association of IQD-R with mild (= -0,59) and severe (= -1,11) food insecurity when adjusted for the total energy value. The average IDQ-R was 54.45 points for those who were not in a food security situation, decreasing slightly as the situation of food insecurity worsened. It is concluded that there is an association between the perception of food insecurity and the nutritional quality of the diet of the Brazilian population, with a reduction in the consumption of both fresh and minimally processed foods and ultra-processed products.