Dinâmica temporal do esforço e da composição das capturas da pesca recreativa em um trecho da bacia do rio Cuiabá

Abstract

Currently, the fishing resource of the Pantanal is exploited by three types of fishing: subsistence, professional-artisanal and recreational, and recreational fishing is the most expressive modality. Recreational fishing is extremely difficult to quantify since the fish caught may be released at the point of capture or consumed by the fisherman's family without a specific landing site. Therefore, data about participation rates and fishing effort are rarely available. This study had as main objective to describe the composition of the catches and to estimate the fishing effort employed by recreational fishermen on a section of the basin of the Cuiabá’s river. For that, semi-structured questionnaires of socioeconomic and fishing yield were applied in interviews conducted in October and November of 2013, and between May and October of 2014 and between August and September of 2018. In 2018 was conducted a census of the number of fishermen and tablados available along the sampled river stretch. A total of 755 recreational fishermen were interviewed, of which 86% were men and 14% were women. The majority had completed high school (64%) or college degree (31%) and were from cities in the state of Mato Grosso (94%). Approximately 30% were autonomous or public servants, who invested, on average, R$ 539,70 in each fishery. It was recorded through the interviews the capture of 32,873 individuals from 21 fish species, from nine families and three taxonomic orders. The most captured species, with 30% of the catches, was the pacu-peva species complex (Metynnis mola, Myloplus levis, Mylossoma duriventre). Among the sampled periods, those that differed significantly from the others in relation to catch and fishing effort was the ebb (June, July and August). The catch per unit effort (CPUE) was higher in the months of the ebb period, with an average of seven individuals caught per hour/fisherman. In 2018, there were 48 fishing grounds along the section of River Cuiabá Basin sampled, which totaled 174 plots. For these, a daily economic income from recreational fishing was estimated at R$ 427.08 (day/fishing), monthly of R$ 3,843.75 (month/fishing) and an annual total income for the fishing set of R$ 1,476 .000.00.