Autonomia feminina : construindo caminhos para a humanização do parto e nascimento

Abstract

The theme of the humanization of childbirth and birth has evoked the interest of researchers in the most comprehensive contexts and areas of knowledge. There is great concern about the alarming data of cesarean sections and obstetric procedures, without confirming the genuine need for their use and often without the pregnant woman or parturient's consent, which mischaracterizes female autonomy. On this matter, the role and autonomy of women in their decision-making process about their bodies are questioned, especially in this singular moment of human development: pregnancy and birth. In this way, it is fundamental not only public policies aimed at the eradication of unnecessary interventions and obstetric violence suffered by many women but also the creation of spaces that enable the promotion of health and the awakening of the female protagonism of their experiences. In the sense of the insertion of Psychology in this field of action and research, having as theoretical and methodological framework the Person-Centered Approach (PCA), formulated by Carl Rogers, this research was constructed, with qualitative bias, with an empirical phenomenological basis, aiming to facilitate the process of the construction of female autonomy, from group meetings with university students, even before the possibility of motherhood in their life choices. Specifically, it was intended to understand, from the method of sense's versions, the construction of female autonomy generated in group meetings, identifying the participant's feelings in the view of the research theme. Eleven group meetings were held, in the online modality, with university students, using the Sense's Version method to record the experiences. The results were organized from the grouping on axes with significant connections, which were named: (1) Autonomy: collective construction process among women; (2) Is being a woman, mother, and university student possible? (3) Violence as an experience in women's life history. The course of the lived experience in the interventional research allowed us to understand the students' experiences. It showed that the aspects of the intersubjective relationship with the researcher, based on active, respectful listening, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding, allowed the participants to access important issues to women and the flourishing of autonomy. When we talk about the construction of female autonomy, it is noted that the experiences allowed the facilitation of this process, not to point out paths or formulate normative, but a process that enhances the experiences of women who are authors in their spaces in society and health, as are the issues of the humanization of childbirth and birth. The researcher's experiential dive with the participants pointed out that the space facilitating these meetings proved to be welcoming and promoter of interesting reflections on the constructive path of women's autonomy.