A física das radiações ionizantes no ensino médio utilizando o contador Geiger-Müller

Abstract

There are many students who are unaware of the relationships between ionizing radiation, be they alpha, beta and gamma radiation in energy generation, in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases, in food conservation and also involvement in radioactive accidents. The Physics of Ionizing Radiations is a part of the content of Modern and Contemporary Physics (FMC), becoming part of the implementation of the new proposal of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) of 2018. A didactic proposal was developed to teach the concepts of Physics of ionizing radiation through application in the classroom, seeking to provide the student with the acquisition of new knowledge, so that the individual can understand the importance of ionizing radiation for the community and its applications, both in health, in terms of food, as well as in energy generation. In the last ten years, there has been an increase in the number of published works dealing with ionizing radiation with different approaches. The general objective of the application of this educational product was to develop a didactic sequence on the teaching of Physics of ionizing radiation using the historical context, computer simulations and to present the Geiger-Müller Counter empirically through experiments. The educational product was presented as an excellent instrument to work on methodologies in the cognitive process and the development of this proposal becomes evident the improvement in the learning of the concepts involved, so that the students understood that ionizing radiations are present in diagnostic exams. , in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, in the generation of electric energy and even in the conservation of perishable foods.