Controle biológico e preparado homeopático de própolis verde no manejo de doenças e efeito na produtividade e qualidade de grãos de milho

Abstract

Corn is the most produced grain in the world, having a great importance in human food and as a base for animal feed and more recently in the production of ethanol. Among the factors of production of the culture are the occurrence of diseases that interfere negatively in the development and productivity, providing direct and indirect losses, in the productivity and future production capacity, respectively. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the application of biological control agents and homeopathy in foliar application in the management of diseases in corn in the cultivation of first and second crops. The assays were carried out in two periods, one in the first crop using the Pioneer 30F53 VYHR Hybrid and the other in the second crop using the Sempre 20A44 VIP3 Hybrid. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 11 treatments and 4 replications with the application of Trichoderma asperellum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Pichia sp., homeopathic preparation of green propolis and fungicides. The evaluation of the diseases that manifested naturally in the trials and of the agronomic characteristics. Disease severity assessments were performed every 7 days before and after applications throughout the crop cycle, with the calculation of AUDPC – area under the disease progress curve. The other variables analyzed were the average height, insertion height of the first ear, final stand, stem resistance, average yield, thousand grain mass and percentage of burned grains. The treatments did not provide statistical differences in agronomic characteristics but showed an increase in the incidence and AUDPC of red stunt with one and two applications of Pichia sp. and with two applications of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, homeopathic preparation of green propolis and fungicides.