Análise dos hábitos alimentares, da prática de atividade física e do prognóstico clínico de pacientes com câncer colorretal sobrepeso/obesos

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered one of the leading causes of death in the world, affecting the general population. Obesity is also increasing rapidly in the world, significantly increase the risk for the development of various types of cancer, including CRC. It is well known that bad eating habits, such as high consumption of fast foods, consumption of fatty foods, red and sausage meats, as well as the low practice of physical activities, contribute both to the emergence of obesity and to the development of CRC. In this context, the objective of this research was to analyze eating habits, physical activity, and clinical prognosis of obese and non-obese CRC patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted with data collected from medical records of patients diagnosed with CRC (n=30) from June, 2019 to June, 2022 and data analyzed through the application of a questionnaire (n=25) on eating habits and physical activity. The study was conducted at the Sinop Cancer Center - CECANS, in the city of Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Patient data were subdivided into two groups: Eutrophic (EUT)- patients with CRC and Body Mass Index (BMI) 18.6 to 24.9 kg/m2 and Overweight/Obese group (S/0): patients with CRC and BMI 25.0 kg/≥m2 . Descriptive analysis data were presented by frequency distribution in percentage (%) and evaluated by chi-square test (χ2 ) or Fisher test. Quantitative results were presented as mean ± standard deviation or median and interquartile, and statistically evaluated by Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test, comparing two means. It was observed that the majority of patients diagnosed with CRC were male, S/O, aged between 25 and 44 years, brown, married, living in the city of Sinop-MT and natural in southern Brazil. 100% of patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma and most of them presented stages 3 and 4. The treatment performed in the vast majority of patients was the combination of surgery with chemotherapy. Comorbidities of the groups (EUT) and (S/O) were: diabetes (n=1; 12.5% and n=1; 5.9%), and hypertension (n=3; 37.5% and n=3; 17.6%), respectively. 50% of the patients had a family history of cancer, and the overweight/obese group had the highest percentages of metastasis and deaths, although no statistical difference was observed. Only 1 patient in the group (EUT) demonstrated healthy eating habits, 50% from the EUT group and 82.3% from the S/O group need to devote more attention to eating habits, and 37.5% from EUT group and 17.6% from the S/O group need reassessment of eating habits. The light intensity walk was the physical activity most practiced among the patients active by both groups, before and after the diagnosis of CRC. The group (S/O) showed statistical difference for frequency (p=0,04) and duration of physical activity (p=0.02) when compared before and after diagnosis. Thus, it can be concluded that most patients with CRC were overweight/obese and had a worse clinical prognosis with a higher percentage of metastasis and death, as well as poor eating habits and low physical activity.