Fatores associados a não cessação do tabagismo entre usuários do Hospital Universitário Júlio Müller, de 2009 a 2015, Cuiabá – MT

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is a disease and considered as a public health problem and a risk factor for other diseases that cause great impact on the population’s morbidity and mortality. It is essential to seek ways to mitigate this reality and combat this complex disease by providing expert help for people who want to quit smoking and cannot due to complicating factors that interfere in this process. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of smoking cessation and factors associated with non-smoking cessation in patients treated at a reference unit of the National Tobacco Control Program. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 505 patients. Data were collected from the charts of all patients who sought the smoking cessation program at the Júlio Müller University Hospital in Cuiabá-MT from January 2009 to December 2015, based on the standardized Initial Approach questionnaire from the National Cessation Program, the Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test, and the CAGE for alcoholism. The associated factors were sex, age, schooling, occupation, marital status, religion, Fagerström score for nicotine dependence, number of cigarettes smoked per day, degree of motivation, depression and alcoholism. Univariate, bivariate and Poisson regression were conducted, with the measure of association Prevalence Ratio and their confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Prevalence of smoking cessation was 66.34% and the majority of patients had a 6-month follow up. The characteristics of the individuals were: female (60.59%), age group 40-59 years (64.75%), schooling ≤ 8 years (51.88%), with occupational link (78.42%), with a partner (64.16%), have religion (96.63%), lower Fagerström score for nicotine dependence (54.46%), higher degree of motivation (53.66%), depression (35,25%) and alcoholism (8.71%). In the final model, the factors associated with non-smoking cessation were: male (RPa 1,19; IC 95% 1,01-1,41), no religion (RPa 1,57; IC 95% 1,23-2,00), higher cigarette consumption per day (RPa 1,29; IC 95% 1,09- 1,52), lower degree of initial motivation (RPa 21,01; IC 95% 10,51-42,01) and having depression (RPa 1,40; IC 95% 1,17-1,68). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of users who abandoned treatment and associated factors evidenced the need to target actions for depression, motivation level at the beginning of treatment, valorization of religious creed, among others, for full adherence to smoking cessation among all those who seek the Public Health service, from the Unified Health System.